Dietary Diversity during Early Infancy Increases Microbial Diversity and Prevents Egg Allergy in High-Risk Infants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We aimed to investigate associations of dietary diversity (DD) with gut microbial diversity and the development of hen's egg allergy (HEA) in infants. We enrolled 68 infants in a high-risk group and 32 infants in a control group based on a family history of allergic diseases. All infants were followed from birth until 12 months of age. We collected infant feeding data, and DD was defined using 3 measures: the World Health Organization definition of minimum DD, food group diversity, and food allergen diversity. Gut microbiome profiles and expression of cytokines were evaluated by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. High DD scores at 3 and 4 months were associated with a lower risk of developing HEA in the high-risk group, but not in the control group. In the high-risk group, high DD scores at 3, 4, and 5 months of age were associated with an increase in Chao1 index at 6 months. We found that the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were higher among infants who had lower DD scores compared to those who had higher DD scores in high-risk infants. Additionally, high-risk infants with a higher FAD score at 5 months of age showed a reduced gene expression of IL-13. Increasing DD within 6 months of life may increase gut microbial diversity, and thus reduce the development of HEA in infants with a family history of allergic diseases.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Natsume O, "Two-step egg introduction for prevention of egg allergy in high-risk infants with eczema(PETIT) : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial" 389 : 276-286, 2017

2 Segata N, "Toward an efficient method of identifying core genes for evolutionary and functional microbial phylogenies" 6 : e24704-, 2011

3 Smith PM, "The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis" 341 : 569-573, 2013

4 Derrien M, "The gut microbiota in the first decade of life" 27 : 997-1010, 2019

5 Caffarelli C, "Solid food introduction and the development of food allergies" 10 : 1790-, 2018

6 Edgar RC, "Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST" 26 : 2460-2461, 2010

7 Derrien M, "Rethinking diet to aid human-microbe symbiosis" 25 : 100-112, 2017

8 Du Toit G, "Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy" 372 : 803-813, 2015

9 Perkin MR, "Randomized trial of introduction of allergenic foods in breast-fed infants" 374 : 1733-1743, 2016

10 Caporaso JG, "QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data" 7 : 335-336, 2010

11 박미란 ; 김지현 ; 김도수 ; 안강모 ; 한영신, "Prevalence of Immediate-Type Food Allergy in Early Childhood in Seoul" 대한천식알레르기학회 6 (6): 131-136, 2014

12 Sampson HA, "Mechanisms of food allergy" 141 : 11-19, 2018

13 Yoon SH, "Introducing EzBioCloud : a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies" 67 : 1613-1617, 2017

14 Roduit C, "Increased food diversity in the first year of life is inversely associated with allergic diseases" 133 : 1056-1064, 2014

15 Marrs T, "Gut microbiota development during infancy : Impact of introducing allergenic foods" 147 : 613-621, 2021

16 DeSantis TZ, "Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB" 72 : 5069-5072, 2006

17 Kulkarni DH, "Goblet cell associated antigen passages support the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance" 13 : 271-282, 2020

18 Lopes JP, "Food allergy : epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment" 66 : 57-64, 2020

19 Sicherer SH, "Food allergy : a review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management" 141 : 41-58, 2018

20 오혜랑 ; 김수찬 ; 이상은 ; 김송이 ; 홍원진 ; 김현정 ; Toshifumi Nomura ; Shotaro Suzuki ; Hiroshi Shimizu, "Filaggrin Mutation in Korean Patients with Atopic Dermatitis" 연세대학교의과대학 58 (58): 395-400, 2017

21 Perkin MR, "Efficacy of the Enquiring About Tolerance(EAT)study among infants at high risk of developing food allergy" 144 : 1606-1614, 2019

22 Venter C, "EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood : novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma" 75 : 497-523, 2020

23 Venter C, "Different measures of diet diversity during infancy and the association with childhood food allergy in a UK birth cohort study" 8 : 2017-2026, 2020

24 Stefka AT, "Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization" 111 : 13145-13150, 2014

25 Togias A, "Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States : report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored expert panel" 139 : 29-44, 2017

26 Wei-Liang Tan J, "A randomized trial of egg introduction from 4 months of age in infants at risk for egg allergy" 139 : 1621-1628, 2017

27 Fleischer DM, "A consensus approach to the primary prevention of food allergy through nutrition : guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology" 9 : 22-43, 2021