항일혁명가 이인섭(1888~1982)의 회상기에 기록된 스탈린 대탄압과 항일혁명역사 복원ㆍ 기념운동 = Stalin’s Great Terror and the Activities for Recovering and Memorializing the Korean Anti-Japanese Revolution which Are Recorded in the Memoirs of a Anti-Japanese Revolutionary, Yi In-seop(1888~1982)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, the author intends to review the Stalin’s terror in the 1930s through the memoirs of Yi In-seop, an anti-Japanese revolutionary who had personally experienced the Stalin’s terror in late 1930s. Yi In-seop’s records of his last encounters with the Korean revolutionaries in Khabarovsk, Almata, Chimkent and Kzyl-orda provide very valuable insights into unknown and betrayed last lives of Stalin’s Korean victims. The author also introduces the activities of the former anti-Japanese revolutionaries including Yi In-seop and other Koreans, who had tried to collect the memoirs about Korean anti-Japanese revolutionary activities and to erect memorial monuments for Korean revolutionaries.In this paper, the author utilizes The Memoir of an Exile(망명자의 수긔), Yi In-seop’s autobiographic record and the letters exchanged between Yi In-seop and other Koreans as primary historical sources.
In the first part of this paper, the specific charges brought by the NKVD (People’s Committee of Internal Affairs) officials against the Korean revolutionaries, whom Yi In-seop had met in prisons in Khabarovsk and in semi-underground dugouts(반땅굴막) in Chimkent and Kzyl-orda in Kazakhstan are individually described. Regardless of the differences in political background and factional membership, those Korean revolutionaries were arrested and executed by the NKVD officials. Members of the Shanghai group and ML group were imprisoned in Khabarovsk, and those of the Irkutsk group and the National Council were imprisoned in Nikol’sk-Ussurisk and Vladivostok respectively. Records of their factional relationship were utilized as strong criminal evidence for their “anti-revolutionary, anti-Soviet activities and enemies of people” by NKVD officials.
The second part of the paper deals with the efforts of Yi In-seop and other Korean revolutionaries to write their own memoirs and collect historical materials related to their participation in anti-Japanese revolutionary movement in Manchuria and the Russian Far East. Those former Koreanrevolutionaries also tried to memorialize Koreans partisans who had made sacrifices in the battles against the White Guards in Iman, Volochaevka, Khabarovsk and Olga in order to defend the Soviet power in the Russian Far East. Owing to the Khrushchev’s policy of de-Stalinization and limited liberalization introduced in late 1950s, those Koreans endeavored torecover party memberships and to obtain political rehabilitation. They also actively participated in mailing letters and historical materials and contributing articles to newspapers. In their letters, newspaper articles, diaries and memoirs, former Korean revolutionaries expressed their political opinions about incidents, organizations, persons and battles and criticized wrong or different explanations made by other Koreans. Although some writings are in some ways tainted by factional background, those various types of materials are without doubt of historicalimportance for writing history of Korean anti-Japanese movement.
Yi In-seop strongly emphasized that Kim Aleksandra Petrovna Stankevich, Yin Dong-hwi and Hong Beom-do would not disregarded in writing history of Korean revolutionary movement in Russia. He warned that there must not be a room for criticizing or depreciating those three persons. Yi In-seop wrote biographies of the three persons. Yi In-seop particularly had personal affection for Hong Beom-do with whom he had shared a common birthplace (Pyongyang) and anti-Japanese partisan activities in Korea. His active role in the committee for mending Hong Beom-do’s tomb in Kzy-orda proved his special concern about memorializing Homg=Beom-do.
Specific descriptions of Yi In-seop’s memoir are with high credibility which comes from his personal experience. Yi In-seop’s memoir has a unique value in that it was written by the victim who had barely survived Stalin’s terror. The large scale of political suppression and extr...

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, the author intends to review the Stalin’s terror in the 1930s through the memoirs of Yi In-seop, an anti-Japanese revolutionary who had personally experienced the Stalin’s terror in late 1930s. Yi In-seop’s records of his last encounters with the Korean revolutionaries in Khabarovsk, Almata, Chimkent and Kzyl-orda provide very valuable insights into unknown and betrayed last lives of Stalin’s Korean victims. The author also introduces the activities of the former anti-Japanese revolutionaries including Yi In-seop and other Koreans, who had tried to collect the memoirs about Korean anti-Japanese revolutionary activities and to erect memorial monuments for Korean revolutionaries.In this paper, the author utilizes The Memoir of an Exile(망명자의 수긔), Yi In-seop’s autobiographic record and the letters exchanged between Yi In-seop and other Koreans as primary historical sources.
In the first part of this paper, the specific charges brought by the NKVD (People’s Committee of Internal Affairs) officials against the Korean revolutionaries, whom Yi In-seop had met in prisons in Khabarovsk and in semi-underground dugouts(반땅굴막) in Chimkent and Kzyl-orda in Kazakhstan are individually described. Regardless of the differences in political background and factional membership, those Korean revolutionaries were arrested and executed by the NKVD officials. Members of the Shanghai group and ML group were imprisoned in Khabarovsk, and those of the Irkutsk group and the National Council were imprisoned in Nikol’sk-Ussurisk and Vladivostok respectively. Records of their factional relationship were utilized as strong criminal evidence for their “anti-revolutionary, anti-Soviet activities and enemies of people” by NKVD officials.
The second part of the paper deals with the efforts of Yi In-seop and other Korean revolutionaries to write their own memoirs and collect historical materials related to their participation in anti-Japanese revolutionary movement in Manchuria and the Russian Far East. Those former Koreanrevolutionaries also tried to memorialize Koreans partisans who had made sacrifices in the battles against the White Guards in Iman, Volochaevka, Khabarovsk and Olga in order to defend the Soviet power in the Russian Far East. Owing to the Khrushchev’s policy of de-Stalinization and limited liberalization introduced in late 1950s, those Koreans endeavored torecover party memberships and to obtain political rehabilitation. They also actively participated in mailing letters and historical materials and contributing articles to newspapers. In their letters, newspaper articles, diaries and memoirs, former Korean revolutionaries expressed their political opinions about incidents, organizations, persons and battles and criticized wrong or different explanations made by other Koreans. Although some writings are in some ways tainted by factional background, those various types of materials are without doubt of historicalimportance for writing history of Korean anti-Japanese movement.
Yi In-seop strongly emphasized that Kim Aleksandra Petrovna Stankevich, Yin Dong-hwi and Hong Beom-do would not disregarded in writing history of Korean revolutionary movement in Russia. He warned that there must not be a room for criticizing or depreciating those three persons. Yi In-seop wrote biographies of the three persons. Yi In-seop particularly had personal affection for Hong Beom-do with whom he had shared a common birthplace (Pyongyang) and anti-Japanese partisan activities in Korea. His active role in the committee for mending Hong Beom-do’s tomb in Kzy-orda proved his special concern about memorializing Homg=Beom-do.
Specific descriptions of Yi In-seop’s memoir are with high credibility which comes from his personal experience. Yi In-seop’s memoir has a unique value in that it was written by the victim who had barely survived Stalin’s terror. The large scale of political suppression and extremel...

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이인섭, "홍범도장군-상"

2 "하앙천이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1957년 8월 22일자"

3 이인섭, "정치적 망명자의 수긔-짜리로씨야원동에 거주하던 조선인사회에서 발생되였든 게급투쟁"

4 "이인섭이 조선노동당 중앙위원회 당역사연구소 부소장 김경인에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 월일 미상"

5 "이인섭이 조선극장 총국.이당단체에 보낸 편지?, 1958년 3월 14일자"

6 "이인섭이 이만규에게 보낸 편지?, 1967년 9월 10일자"

7 "이인섭이 박성훈에게 보낸 편지?, 1967년 3월 30일자"

8 "이인섭이 박성훈에게 보낸 편지?, 1967년 1월 25일자"

9 "이인섭이 박성훈에게 보낸 편지?, 1966년 12월 29일자"

10 "이인섭이 박성훈에게 보낸 편지?, 1966년 12월 27일자"

11 "이인섭이 리기영에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 월일 미상"

12 "이인섭이 김승화에게 보낸 편지?, 1968년 5월 5일자"

13 "이인섭이 김승화에게 보낸 편지?, 1967년 3월 8일자"

14 "이인섭이 김승화에게 보낸 편지?, 1967년 10월 12일자"

15 "이인섭이 김승빈에게 보낸 편지?, 1957년 12월 20일자"

16 "이인섭이 김경인에게 보낸 편지?, 1959년 6월 4일자"

17 "이인섭이 “레닌기치” 편집부, 남해룡, 염동욱, 김국천, 염사일에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 2월 날짜 미상"

18 "이인섭이 Tashkenskaia obl. Sir-dar’inskii raina P.K. KPUz의 Pak Men-nak에게 보낸?, 1958?년 3월 12일자, 2쪽"

19 "이인섭의 편지(연성용에게?)?, 1965년 2월 1일자"

20 "이영일이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1973년 월일 불명"

21 "시사저널" 70-71, 1993

22 이인섭, "소련공산당중앙위 소련공산당 당원 등록 서류로 제출한 신상명세서?(러시아어)"

23 "박성훈이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1966년 11월 16일자"

24 이인섭, "망명자의 수긔"

25 "류학관이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 3월 3일자"

26 반병률, "노령에서의 독립운동사 연구" 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 1995

27 "김진이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 4월 17일자"

28 "김진이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 1958년 3월 20일자"

29 "고상준이 이인섭에게 보낸 편지?, 연도미상, 7월 12일자"

30 "韓國獨立運動史資料集－洪範圖篇" 한국정신문화연구원 1995

31 "Ku Svetlana, Koreitsy-Zhertvy Politicheskikh Repressii v SSSR[고려인－소련 정치적 탄압의 희생자들)], Moskva, Izdatel’stvo “KimKor”, 2000～2008"

32 이인섭, "Avtobiografiia[자필이력서]-우즈베키스탄 안지산주 민경(民警)대장에게 제출한?(러시아어, 1959년 5월 25일자)"

33 이인섭, "?저名한 朝鮮義兵大將 洪範圖 手記?(手稿本), 1958년 8월 15일자"