The purpose of this study is to determine the similarity between L2 (Korean) and L1 (Vietnamese) sounds and to look at how the degree of similarity between the two languages affects learning monophthongs by Vietnamese learners.
For the purpose of this...
The purpose of this study is to determine the similarity between L2 (Korean) and L1 (Vietnamese) sounds and to look at how the degree of similarity between the two languages affects learning monophthongs by Vietnamese learners.
For the purpose of this study, Chapter 1 looked at studies that analyzed other languages and monophthong of Korean language through experimental phonetic studies in Korean language education as a foreign language.
In Chapter 2, we looked at the various theories that are the theoretical background of the study and the phonetic acoustical characteristics of the vowels, and presented the criteria for setting the degree of similarity between L1 and L2 sounds.
Chapter 3 conducted Speech production test1 and Perception test to set up similarity degree. Based on the results of these two tests and the sharing of IPA between L1 and L2 sounds the degree of similarity between the two languages was determined. Depending on the degree of similarity based on the SLM theory, /ㅣ/ and /ㅔ/ vowels were assigned to the category of ‘identical sound’. /ㅜ/, /ㅏ/, /ㅡ/ vowels were assigned to the group of ‘similar1 sound’ /ㅐ/, /ㅓ/, /ㅡ/ and /ㅗ/ vowels were assigned to the group of ‘similar2 sound’, but no new sound presented to the Vietnamese native speakers. In addition, based on the results of perceptual experiments, the degree of acquisition of monophthong in Korean by Vietnamese learners was predicted based on SLM and PAM theory by classifying monophthong in Korean into category types according to PAM theory.
Chapters 4 and 5 conducted an experiment to analyze the acquisition patterns of Korean monophthongs by Korea native speakers. First, Korea vowels pronounced by Korea native speakers and Korea vowels pronounced by Vietnamese learners were tested, and Vietnamese learners of Korean language were tested for perception to see how they perceive vowels of Korean. It also conducted a Korean native speakers listening judgment test on Korean monophthongs pronounced by Vietnamese learners. Each of these tests was verified in Chapter 3 to confirm that the results were consistent with the predictions based on the SLM and PAM theory.
Chapter 6 looked at how the degree of similarity between the two languages affects L2 learners' learning of monophthong in Korean and how it relates to L2 learners' learning experiences based on the results of the tests in chapters 4. and 5. We also discussed whether these findings are consistent with predictions based on SLM theory.
The speech production test2 results of the /i/[i] vowels classified into the same vowel are slightly inconsistent with the prediction of SLM. However, the F2 values for Vietnamese learners and Korean native speakers are not significantly different and the F1 values are statistically significant, but the differences are very small. Therefore, when a Korean native speaker listened to /ㅣ/[i] vowel, it is predicted that the probability of being confused by other vowels would be low. /ㅣ/[i] vowel was consistent with the prediction of the analysis of the experimental results of the speech production test. The /ㅣ/[i] vowel also showed that Vietnamese learners were relatively accurately aware of their perception. The /ㅔ/[e] vowels showed statistically significant differences in both F1 and F2 values in speech production test2. In F1 values, the group of Koreans and Vietnamese beginners is the same group, while in F2 values, the group of beginners and intermediate learners is the same group. This means that Vietnamese learners' /ㅔ/[e] pronunciation is further removed from Korean pronunciation as their learning experience increases, and is a result that does not conform to SLM theory.
In similar1 sounds The /ㅜ/[u] and /ㅡ/[ɨ] vowels in speech production test showed results that deviate from predictions of SLM theory, while the /ㅏ/[a] vowels showed results consistent with predictions of SLM theory. In the perception test, all three vowels with similar1 sounds showed results that were inconsistent with the SLM theory, and in the listening evaluation, /ㅜ/ vowel achieved successful pronunciation at the beginning but improved little as the learning experience increased, resulting in slight deviations from the prediction of the SLM theory.
In similar2 sounds, /ㅐ/ vowel showed results that were inconsistent with predictions of SLM theory in speech production test, but /ㅓ/ and /ㅗ/ vowel showed results consistent with predictions of SLM theory. In the analysis of the results of speech production test1, it was expected that Vietnamese would have difficulty in being perceptual in Korean /ㅗ/[o] by the interference of L1. Perception test have shown that Vietnamese learners have difficulty in being late by distinguishing between /ㅜ/[u] and /ㅗ/[o] vowels. Also, among the perceptual errors shown by beginner learners, perceptual errors in the /ㅓ/[ʌ] vowel do not appear in the errors of intermediate learners, confirming that Vietnamese learners correctly perceive the /ㅓ/[ʌ] vowel as the learning period increases.
Chapter 7 revealed the conclusions and significance of the study. In calculating and tardying simple sets of Korean language for Vietnamese beginners and intermediate learners, it was concluded that some were consistent with the results predicted by Flege's SLM and Best's PAM, and that some were deviating from the predicted results. This shows that it is difficult to predict the success of L2 acquisition by setting the degree of similarity between L1 and L2 and determining the degree of success of L2 acquisition to that degree, although it may be a reasonable measure of predicting L2 acquisition. There are a number of variables that affect the acquisition of L2 and it is necessary to determine the success of the L2 acquisition by taking into account the various variables.