삼국시대 종장판갑 부착 유기질 연구－동래 복천동고분군 출토품을 중심으로－ = A Study on the Organic Remains Attached to Vertical Plate Armor from the Three Kingdoms Period - Based on Artifacts Excavated from the Bokcheon-dong Tombs, Dong-Rae -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Various types of organic remains (including wood and grass which decay) found on metal artifacts can only be identified through their shapes which have left imprints on the rust. In this case the original substances have been changed and it is often difficult to analyze such remains. Wood and fabric remains, which have been subject to much research and investigation, can be identified by studying the structural characteristics of their shapes. Therefore, much information has been obtained regarding their manufacturing techniques. However, since animal hair or feathers have not been studied as much, these remains are often mistaken for wood and grass.
In this study, we have investigated the organic remains left on the godae plate (the iron plate protecting the back of the person’s neck) and the gitt plate (the iron plate protecting both sides of the person’s neck) of vertical plate armor excavated from the Bokcheon-dong tombs through non-destructive analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Until now, the organic remains were identified as feathers. However, upon analyzing four examples of vertical plate armor from the Bokcheon-dong tombs (No. 86-C, No. 86-D, No. 164 and No. 165), the organic remains from the No. 86-D and No. 165 armor were identified as hair from an animal belonging to the deer species, while the remains from the No. 86-C and No. 164 armor were identified as hair from an animal belonging to a meat-eating species, which included martens, foxes and leopards.
It was interesting to see that only the hair of animals was used rather than fur or fabric. Reconstruction of the manufacturing process based on traces of the organic remains left indicates that the animal hair was arranged in the vertical direction. A pole-shaped fabric wad (estimated to be thread) which had a cross section of 2mm was positioned at a right angle to the length of the hair. Based on the fabric wad, it appears that the hair was folded up. Located to the top of the pole-shaped fabric wad was another piece of fabric, 1mm in cross section, which was used to broad-stitch or backstitch the hair into place. By fixing the hair in such a way it was possible to keep the hair from easily falling down from the vertical plate armor. At the same time, it is likely that this had the effect of distributing the fur in an even and dense manner.
The results of the analysis make it possible to re-approach previous interpretations which regarded the deceased as a warrior ─ this had been based on the identification of the organic remains on the vertical plate armor as feathers. Vertical plate armor which have godae and gitt plates decorated with organic material have been excavated in the regions of Busan and Gimhae. Also, when multiple suits of armor have been deposited in a single tomb, those with and without organic remains may be found together. This can be taken to indicate that armor with and without animal fur served different functions. Possible reasons for the attachment of hair on armor may have to do with decoration or protection against the cold. Furthermore, we believe that it is possible to identify the organic remains found on vertical plate armor excavated in the Gimhae region as animal hair, as in the case of the Bokcheon-dong examples. If this is the case, it may be suggested that the vertical plate armor said to have come from Toirae-ri, in Gimhae, which contained traces of organic remains not only on the godae and gitt plates, but also on the front and back plates of the body part, represents the use of hair decoration on armor at its greatest.

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