고온이 사망에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석 = High Temperature-Related Mortality in Korea: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Evidence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, climate change and high temperatures have a significant impact on health and society as a whole. We aimed to provide a meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence regarding high temperature-related mortality in Korea. The pooled results suggest that for a change in temperature condition, the risk of total mortality increased 5% (95% CI: 3-6%) for 1℃ increase, 8% (95% CI: 2-14%) for heatwave exposure. However, it was difficult to identify differences in risk of mortality by gender, age, region and cause of death due to high temperatures and to assess the impact of heatwave on mortality under different heatwave definitions. Nevertheless, it was possible to ensure that the risk of mortality over 75 was higher than that under 75 for heatwave exposure. High temperatures were also associated with increased risk of death for cardiovascular disease and respiratory diseases. It is necessary to define groups that are sensitive to high temperatures and to identify the magnitude of their impact in the future, and to provide in-depth studies of the temperature threshold that the country and the community should respond to.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라에서는 최근 기후변화와 여름철 이상 고온 현상이 건강을 비롯한 사회 전반에 중대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라를 배경으로 고온 노출에 따른 사망의 위험을 평가한 기존의 연구들을 메타 분석하여, 현재까지 확인된 근거의 실태를 파악하고자 했다. 분석 결과, 기온이 1℃ 증가할 때 사망의 위험이 5%(95% CI: 3-6%) 증가했으며, 비폭염 기간에 비해 폭염 기간에 사망의 위험이 8% 증가(95% CI: 2-14%)했다. 그러나 국내 연구 수가 제한적이어서 각기 다른 폭염의 정의별로 사망의 위험을 평가하지 못했으며, 하위집단별 분석에서 취약인구집단의 위험을 충분히 규명하기 어려웠다. 그럼에도 75세 이상 고령 인구집단에서는 고온의 분석단위와 관계없이 사망의 위험이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가했음을 확인했다. 또한 고온은 심뇌혈관질환, 호흡기 질환으로 인한 사망 위험의 증가와 관련이 있었다. 향후 고온의 건강영향에 대한 인식을 제고할 필요가 있으며, 이를 위해 우리나라에 적용 가능한 폭염의 기준을 마련하고, 고온 노출에 민감한 집단에 대한 건강영향을 평가하고 지원할 필요가 있다.

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