싱가포르 의회선거에서 집단대표선거구 제도의 비판적 고찰

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 1988년에 싱가포르의회선거에 도입된 집단대표선거구가 싱가포르의 일당지배체제에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 집단대표선거구가 도입된 1988년부터 2015년까지의 7번 총선 결과 분석에서 나타난 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 야당이 집단대표선거구에서 얻는 평균 득표율은 1인선출선거구에서 얻는 득표율보다 낮아 집단대표선거구 제도는 야당에게 불리한 제도이다. 둘째, 인적 자원이 부족하고 조직기반이 약한 야당들은 여러 명의 후보들이 하나의 집단으로 출마하는 집단대표선거구에는 후보를 공천하는 것 자체가 어려웠기 때문에 집권당인 인민행동당 후보들이 5번의 총선에서 무더기로 무투표 당선되었다. 이에 따라 인민행동당은 선거가 실시되기도 전에 의회의 과반수 이상 의석을 획득하는 비정상적 양상이 3차례나 발생하였다. 셋째, 2015년 총선에서는 야당들이 모든 집단대표선거구에 후보를 공천하여 인민행동당 후보들이 무투표로 당선되는 현상은 더 이상 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 총선결과에서는 인민행동당이 여전히 전체 의석의 90% 이상을 차지하고 있기 때문에 야당에게 불리한 집단대표선거구 제도를 지속하는 한 싱가포르정치에서 권위주의적 일당지배체제는 상당 기간 지속될 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the impact of the Group Representation Consituency (GRC) system which was introduced from the 1988 General Elections in Singapore. In order to verify that the GRC system was one of the main reasons why one-party dominant authoritarian system has continued in Singapore, results of seven general elections from 1988 to 2015 were analyzed. The findings of this paper are as follow. First, the vote percentages obtained by opposition parties’ candidates in GRCs were less than those of the Single-Member Constituencies in every general elections. Second, because of the GRC system in which opposition parties have to face great difficulty even from the stage of filing candidates, many of the ruling People’s Action Party candidates could become the Member of Parliament as a result of walk-over constituencies. Because of the GRC system, the majority seats of the Parliament had already taken even before the formal electoral contests have begun in three of the seven general elections. Third, from the 2015 General Elections new pattern of elections started of which opposition parties could file candidates in all of the constituencies including the GRCs. Even though the walk-over of the PAP candidates disappeared, the one-party dominant politics in Singapore could continue as long as the GRC system continues to exist.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• I. 서론
• II. 기존 연구의 검토
• III. 싱가포르 총선에서 집단대표선거구 제도
• IV. 집단대표선거구 선거에서 불리한 야당: 1988년부터 2015년 총선까지의 종합적 분석
• V. 1988년부터 2015년까지의 개별 총선들에서 나타난 집단대표선거구 선거의 특징
• VI. 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

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