Fair Use Doctrine in China: A Suggestion on the Modification of a Fair Use Clause

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• Chapter 2. Development of Copyright 11
• A. Copyright History in Western Countries 12
• 1. Precopyright Era 12
• 2. Early Copyright Era 20
• 3. Modern Copyright 37
• 4. Conclusion 42
• B. Chinese Copyright History 45
• 1. Precopyright Era in China 46
• 2. Early Copyright Era in China 49
• 3. From 1949 to 1990 51
• 4. Modern Copyright Era in China 52
• 5. Conclusion 56
• C. Conclusion 57
• Chapter 3. Development of Fair Use 61
• I. EMERGENCE OF FAIR USE DOCTRINE IN THE UK 62
• II. DEVELOPMENT OF FAIR USE DOCTRINE IN THE US 65
• III. ABSTRACTION AND CODIFICATION OF THE FAIR USE DOCTRINE IN THE US 68
• IV. THE PRESENT STATUS OF FAIR USE IN THE US 74
• A. Fair Use is a Technical Infringement 75
• B. Fair Use is an Affirmative Defense 78
• C. Fair User Bears the Burden of Proof 81
• V. FAIR USE IN INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 84
• VI. FAIR USE IN CHINA 86
• A. Present Status of Fair Use in China 86
• B. Problems of the Present Law 89
• 1. Introduction 89
• 2. Threesteptest or Fourfactordoctrine 90
• 3. Necessary Enumerated List 93
• 4. Nature of Fair Use: Users Right v. Affirmative Defense 96
• Chapter 4. Nature of Fair Use 97
• I. FAIR USE WITH OVEREXPANSION OF COPYRIGHT 99
• A. Introduction 99
• B. Overexpansion of Copyright 100
• 1. Expansion of Objects and Scope of Copyright 100
• 2. Expiration of Term of Copyright 105
• 3. Methodology of Protection and Enforcement 109
• 4. Value Orientation 115
• C. Conclusion 124
• II. FAIR US AS A RIGHT OR AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE 125
• A. Fair Use as a Right and Presumption 127
• 1. Fair Use as a Test for Infringement 127
• 2. Fair Use as a Right 131
• 3. Fair Use as a Presumption 134
• B. Fair Use as an Affirmative Defense 141
• 1. Theoretical Mistake 141
• 2. Practical Application of the Theoretical Mistake 146
• C. Attitude of 1967 Report and 1976 Act 149
• 1. 1967 Report: Maintain the Status Quo 149
• 2. 1976 Copyright Act: Fair Use as a Right 150
• D. Present Attitude of Courts and Congress 154
• E. New Trend in Europe and the US 159
• F. Conclusion 164
• Chapter 5. Constitutional, Political and Economical Analysis on Fair Use 167
• I. FAIR USE FROM CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 167
• A. Copyright and Freedom of Expression 167
• 1. Introduction 167
• 2. Comparative Analysis on the Nature of Copyright and Freedom of Expression 168
• 3. Conclusion 177
• B. Freedom of Expression v. Copyright 178
• 1. Status of Freedom of Expression 178
• 2. Two Cases in US 182
• C. Priority of Fair Use over Copyright 184
• D. Conclusion 188
• II. FAIR USE FROM POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL PERSPECTIVE 189
• A. Introduction 189
• B. Critical Analysis on CTEA 190
• C. Critical Analysis on TRIPS 199
• D. Efforts to Protect Public Interests 203
• E. Conclusion 206
• Chapter 6. Reset the Burden of Proof on Fair Use 209
• I. INTRODUCTION 209
• II. UNCERTAINTY OF THE FOURFACTORS DOCTRINE 210
• A. Discussion in David Nimmers Chart 211
• 1. Introduction to the Chart 211
• 2. Individual Case Analysis 222
• 3. Statistical Analysis 229
• 4. Conclusion 232
• B. Conflicts between and in the Courts 232
• 1. Conflicts between the Courts 232
• 2. Conflicts in a Court 233
• 3. Summary 233
• C. Reasons for the Uncertainty 234
• 1. Lack of Objectivity 234
• 2. Complicacy of Overall Measurement 234
• 3. Defects of the Texts of Four Factors 235
• 4. Disagreement among Judges 236
• 5. Challenges by New Usemethod 236
• 6. Intervention by Constitutional Principles 237
• III. THE RESULT OF UNCERTAINTY 238
• A. GreyZone 238
• 1. Introduction on GreyZone 238
• 2. Present Status in GreyZone 240
• B. ChillingEffect 242
• 1. Introduction on ChillingEffect 242
• 2. Adverse Result of Uncertainty: ChillingEffect 242
• IV. THE SOLUTION: RESET THE BURDEN OF PROOF 251
• A. General Solution 251
• B. Two Typical Cases 253
• 1. The Lenz Case 254
• 2. The Son Dambi Case 257
• 3. Summary 259
• Chapter 7. Conclusion 261
• REFERENCE 265
• ABSTRACT 276
• 국문초록 279
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT 285