환경소송에서 인과관계의 입증에 관한 소고 = A Study on the proof of causality in the environmental Lawsuit

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

i) One of the most difficult things to deal with is to prove the causality between a harmful act and the damage incurred due to environmental pollution. There should exist the rational causality between such harmful act and the damage occurred in order to bring a damage suit on the ground of tort if appropriate. The degree of proof shall be able to make the court assured and convinced in the process of demonstrating that causality. But there is too much hardship in victim`s demonstrating the aforesaid causality to such a degree that the court can be assured. ii) For the proof of the causality in the environmental lawsuit, the high level of knowledge of nature science is required. Usually, the victims are in lack of such special knowledge, and without sufficient financial background to seek a specialist`s support. In addition, public investigation agencies are not fully established to provide them with the relevant service and, generally, the offender`s cooperation in the procedure shall not be expected to obtain. So there`s need for arranging more protective measures for victims, which has developed a variety of theories for easing each proof burden of causality, including the theory of probability. iii) The probability theory doesn`t require scientifically strict proof of causality in the environmental lawsuit where only the proof of considerable degree of probability will be enough between the infringement and damage and the offender can deny the existence of such causality only through successful disproof. Our courts had not recognized the theory of probability in the early environmental lawsuits, but the Supreme Court has stood firm since it accepted that theory in 1974. iv) The article for the presumption of causality was prescribed in the German Environmental Liability Act, excluding its application to the offender, only for the purpose of relaxing victim`s difficulty in demonstrating the causality. v) When the environmental liability act in korea is enacted in the future, it is more rational and appropriate to promulgate the theory of probability recognized by the judicial precedents rather than the article for the presumption of causality.

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