영조대 재지사족의 재난 경험과 기록의 정보화: 구상덕의 『승총명록』을 중심으로 = Experiencing Disaster and Recording Information during the Reign of King Yeongjo: an Observation of a Local Confucian Scholar Gu Sangdeok focusing on Seungchongmyeongnok

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Gu Sangdeok, a local Confucian scholar rooted in Goseong, Gyeongsang province was a figure who lived in an age of disaster during the reign of King Yeongjo. In his Journal named Seungchongmyeongnok 勝聰明錄, literally meaning “a bright record that can surpass the intelligent”, he transcribed numerous disasters he had experienced to the brink of his death. Therefore, in order to trace Gu Sangdeok’s life and examine his actions and mind thoroughly, it is necessary to look closely at the aspects and effects of the disaster he had experienced.
As a member of a declining aristocrat, Gu Sangdeok, dreamed of achieving fame and prestige through the passing of the civil service entrance examination, like any other scholar. However, since the early 1730s, the activities of Gu Sangdeok regarding the preparation of the exam had already decreased significantly. The major factor that dampened his studies was the experience of the critical Imgye Great Famine (1732-1733), which is considered the greatest disaster during the reign of Yeongjo. After he underwent this tragic period, Gu sporadically took the exam, but by 1743, he had completely ceased any attempt to pass the exam altogether. The disaster had a great influence on Gu in the sense that it alienated him from the civil service entrance examination, which had a significant meaning in the life of scholars during the Joseon Dynasty.
Meanwhile, it is also necessary to savor the meaning of the records that Gu Sangdeok left in his journal. A journal is the most faithful archive regarding one person’s life. The contents of the journal allows us to navigate where the author's interests and intentions are. Seungchongmyeongrok can be characterized by the fact that it has devoted a lot of space to diagnosing and predicting disasters. Its author Gu Sangdeok mobilized various routes and available resources to collect and store disaster-related information in his diary. Since the 1730s, records had become gradually systematized and formalized. Its diverse and rich contents progressed from fragmentary weather-oriented information to crop, disaster, price fluctuation, and grain inventory. Most of the journal’s disaster-related records were made by enthusiasticly combining the contents of agricultural books with knowledge gained from his everyday experience, which is believed to reflect the growing practical interest in climate forecasting at the time.
These disaster-related information and records were used as a basis for diagnosing the scale of the tragedies and seeking a breakthrough. In reality, however, it was unclear at what stage of life the disaster would strike. In the face of an unexpected crisis, people of the village, including Gu Sangdeok, sought to unite and overcome it together. The local community, where the spirit of reciprocity and cooperation is carried out, could be the most effective place to deal with and prepare for disasters. The life and records of Gu Sangdeok can also be said to be a faithful example of this spirit.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김미선, "호남문집 소재(所載) 일기류 자료" 경인문화사 26-27, 2018

2 박정희, "초등학교 생활사 교수ㆍ학습 자료 구성 방안: 조선 시대 일기 자료 승총명록을 중심으로" 경인교육대학교 2017

3 김건우, "조선후기 어느 지역민의 지방관 인식 - 구상덕의 『승총명록』을 중심으로 -" 한국고문서학회 45 : 77-93, 2014

4 문숙자, "조선후기 양반가의 빈민구제와 그 사회적 성격: 해남윤씨 연동(蓮洞) 종가의 사례를 통하여" 한국학중앙연구원 43 (43): 41-74, 2020

5 전경목, "조선후기 신지식인 구상덕과 그의 일기 『승총명록』" 27 : 32-33, 2014

6 이명희, "조선후기 공동체 윤리규범의 특성에 관한 연구 : 『승총명록』과 <남평문씨고문서>를 중심으로" 한국정신문화연구원 한국학대학원 2000

7 정수환, "조선후기 경주 방어리(防禦里) 사계(射契)와 동계(洞契)의 호혜와 협동 가치" 한국학중앙연구원 43 (43): 75-115, 2020

8 박광준, "조선왕조의 빈곤정책: 중국ㆍ일본과 어떻게 달랐나" 문사철 337-, 2018

9 안대회, "조선 후기 『史記』 「貨殖列傳」 주석서의 문헌적 연구" 대동문화연구원 (110) : 201-230, 2020

10 "정조실록"

11 "영조실록"

12 김호, "시골 양반 역병(疫病) 분투기―18세기 구상덕의 『승총명록』을 중심으로" 역사문제연구소 (131) : 189-221, 2020

13 전경목, "승총명록으로 보는 조선후기 향촌 지식인의 생활사" 한국학중앙연구원 출판부 139-147, 2010

14 박용만, "승총명록으로 보는 조선후기 향촌 지식인의 생활사" 한국학중앙연구원 출판부 93-94, 2010

15 옥영정, "승총명록으로 보는 조선후기 향촌 지식인의 생활사" 한국학중앙연구원 출판부 2010

16 옥영정, "승총명록으로 보는 조선후기 향촌 지식인의 생활사" 한국학중앙연구원 출판부 2010

17 "승정원일기"

18 박현순, "문집을 통해 본 조선시대의 일기와 일기쓰기" 조선시대사학회 (79) : 73-119, 2016

19 변주승, "국역 여지도서 37 경상도 7" 201-, 2009

20 전경목, "국역 승총명록 1~5" 경상남도 고성군청, 한국학중앙연구원 2014

21 松薗 斉, "王朝勢力と<情報>: 情報装置としての日記" 靑木書店 729 (729): 64-65, 1999

22 金蓮玉, "朝鮮時代 農書를 통해서 본 占候" 7 : 78-84, 1995

23 文勇植, "朝鮮後期 賑政과 還穀 運營의 硏究" 高麗大學校 大學院 1999

24 "月峯文集 권3"

25 "星湖僿說 권2, 天地門"

26 韓鄂, "四時纂要譯註" 세창출판사 48-, 2017

27 최덕경, "占候를 通해 본 17ㆍ18세기 東아시아의 農業 읽기" 비교민속학회 (32) : 309-370, 2006

28 정순우, "勝聰明錄" 한국정신문화연구원 1995

29 "勝聰明錄"

30 최진묵, "『風雨賦』의 자료적 가치" 한국사학사학회 (32) : 395-421, 2015

31 김엘리, "『勝聰明錄』을 통해서 본 慶尙道 固城의 賑恤施策" 한국역사민속학회 (30) : 133-177, 2009

32 안대회, "《史記》 「貨殖列傳」 주석서와 그 修辭學的 주석― 18세기 조선의 주석서를 중심으로" 대동문화연구원 (113) : 81-106, 2021

33 이용훈, "18~19세기 일기에 드러난 농촌 재화거래의 특징 －『勝聰明錄』,『沈遠權日記』를 중심으로－" 조선시대사학회 (95) : 197-243, 2020

34 최덕경, "17~18세기 朝鮮 農書에 나타난 占候의 性格 －水稻作의 사례를 중심으로" 부경역사연구소 (16) : 241-278, 2005

35 全成昊, "1725~1761년간 慶尙道 固城地方의 物價水準에 관한 硏究: 慶尙道 固城縣 《勝聰明錄》 分析" 13 : 1996