파키스탄 교사출석 모니터링 프로그램 영향평가: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa주 공립학교 사례를 중심으로 = Impact Evaluation of Teacher Attendance Monitoring Program for Public Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Universal primary education had been emphasized under the Millennium Development Goals. Under the Sustainable Development Goals, not only education quantity expansion but also education quality improvement has been pursued by the entire global community. High teacher absenteeism in developing countries is one of the main challenges toward achieving quality education. In this paper, we examine the effect of teacher attendance monitoring program introduced in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in 2014. By setting the neighboring province, Gilgit Baltistan province as the comparison group, we apply a difference-in- differences estimation. Our results show that the teacher attendance rate in public schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province increased by 4.2 percentage points and students’ test score in reading, math, and English improved. We conclude that the independent third-party monitoring program effectively decreased teacher absenteeism in Pakistan and increased teacher attendance could be linked to improvement of students’ academic performance.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

보편적 초등교육 달성을 목표로 하였던 새천년개발목표 이후 제시된 지속가능발전목표는 양질의 교육을 강조하며 교육의 양적 확대 뿐만 아니라 질적 향상을 동시에 추구하고 있다. 저소득국가에 서 빈번히 나타나는 높은 교사 결근율은 양질의 교육을 제공하는데 가장 큰 걸림돌 중 하나라 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 파키스탄 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa주에서 2014년 도입한 공립학교 교사출석 모 니터링 프로그램의 효과를 분석하였다. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa주와 이웃하고 있는 Gilgit Baltistan 주를 대조군으로 설정하고 교사출석 모니터링 프로그램의 사전사후 변화추이를 이중차분분석 방법 으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 공립학교 교사 출석율은 4.2% 포인트 증가하였고, 공립학교에 재학 중인 학생들의 읽기, 수학, 영어 시험성적은 통계적으로 유의미하게 상승하였다. 독립적인 제3자 모니터링 프로그램을 통해 교사 출석율을 효과적으로 높일 수 있음을 보여주었고, 교사의 양적 투입 증가가 학생들의 학업성취도 향상으로 연결될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

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