한국(韓國) 초(初),중(中),고등학교(高等學校)의 한자(漢字),한문(漢文) 교육(敎育) 현황(現況) = The Present Situations of Chinese Characters and Classical Chinese Education In Korean Elementary,Middle,High Schools

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 1945, in the Korean elementary schools, Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education had been performed through the various methods till 1969. In the elementary schools, abolition of Korean Classical Chinese education resulted from the partial revision of the curriculum which revised on Sep.,1969 & executed from the 1st semester in 1970. Since then, Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education hasn`t been performed till now as the regular course in the elementary schools. However, `School Discretionary Activities` was newly established in the elementary schools through the 6th curriculum, notified in 1992 & executed from 1995, and `Activities including Chinese Characters, Computer & Elaboration` were exemplified as the educational activities to be used. So, though restrictively, Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education came to be possible. But. in the 7th curriculum, notified in 1997 & executed from 2001, such exemplification provision was again deleted. So, till now, in the elementary schools, it`s the situation that Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education is being executed creepingly at the regional office of education or a schoolmaster`s discretion without any base on the curriculum or being put on the markets of private education. In the Korean middle schools, Korean Classical Chinese began to be instructed as the independent subject from the 2nd semester in 1972. Before then, Korean Classical Chinese had been instructed partially as the part of Korean Language or never instructed. Firstly, `Korean Classical Chinese Guidance Principle` was presented from `Learning Guidance Principle in the Wartime` of The Ministry of Culture & Education`, announced on Feb. 1951. And then, The Ministry of Culture & Education selected 1,000 Chinese Characters recognized as necessary in the everyday life, allotted 300 Characters for the 4th·5th grade in the Elementary each, 400 Characters for the 6th grade, and made such restrictive Chinese Characters of 1,000 letters apply to the middle schools. And then, in the 1st curriculum notified on Aug., 1955, `Chinese Characters & Chinese Character Words Learning in the middle school` was contained in the Korean Language curriculum in the middle schools, and Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education was described as one of the sub contents areas of Korean Language curriculum. And, also in the 2nd curriculum notified on 15th, Feb., 1963, Korean Classical Chinese was contained in the Korean Language curriculum in the middle school, and described as one of the contents areas of Korean Language. However, in the partial revision of curriculum in 1969, provision of `Chinese Characters & Classical Chinese Guidance` was deleted from the Korean Language curriculum in the middle school, so Korean Classical Chinese education was abolished completely in the middle schools. And then, by the Enforcement Ordinance of the Educational Act notified on Feb.,1972, a course of Korean Classical Chinese was newly & independently established, so it began to be instructed officially as the independent course from the 2nd semester of the year. Since that, from the 3rd curriculum notified on Aug., 1973 to the 5th, in the middle schools, Korean Classical Chinese was instructed as the required subject for 1 hour a week in the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd grade each. However, in the 6th curriculum notified on June, 1992 & executed from 1995, in the middle schools, Korean Classical Chinese became an optional course, and such a situation has continued till now without great changes. In the Korean high schools, Korean Classical Chinese began to be instructed as the independent course from the 2nd semester in 1972 as the same as in the middle schools. Before then, high school Korean Classical Chinese was instructed as the part of Korean Language education. Even in the partial revision of curriculum in 1969 which abolished Chinese characters & Classical Chinese education in the elementary & middle schools, in the case of the high schools, Korean Classical Chinese in `Korean LanguageⅡ` of the general high school was increased from 6 to 8 unit rather than deleted Chinese Characters education from Korean Language Ⅰ. So, it was instructed as the part of Korean Language education as well. And then, by the Enforcement Ordinance of the Educational Act in 1972, Korean Classical Chinese course was newly & independently established. From the 3th curriculum notified in 1973 to the 5th, Korean Classical Chinese was instructed as the independent course, in fact, as the required course in the high schools. However, in the 6th curriculum notified in 1992, Korean Classical Chinese was changed into the required subject by course in the high schools. In the high schools, a required subject by course means an optional subject which city·province office of education must select for students belonging to the pertinent office to complete. Eventually, in the 6th curriculum, Korean Classical Chinese course came to be an optional subject both middle·high schools. Such a situation is the same as the 7th curriculum & 2007 revised curriculum. In other words, in the 7th curriculum, high school Korean Classical Chinese, as the optional subject of the 2nd & 3rd grade, was established as `Korean Classical Chinese⑹` in the general selective subject group, and as `Korean Classical Chinese classics⑹` in further selective subject group. And, in the revised curriculum in 2007 as well, as the optional subject of the 2nd & 3rd grade, it was established as `Korean Classical Chinese I⑹`, `Korean Classical Chinese II⑹` in general cultural subject group(Korean Classical Chinese, cultual studies).