Aldh1a2 is a maker of dental follicle in tooth germs at cap stage

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Retinoic acid is an important signaling molecule in animal development. Deficiency of retinoic acid causes loss of teeth and skull deformity. In the early stages of tooth development, retinoic acid has been reported to regulate tooth morphology. The major enzymes of retinoic acid formation, Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3, are expressed during tooth development. However, no expression pattern of the two genes was reported for each tooth development stage.
In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 genes in the tooth germ at cap stage. Aldh1a2 showed strong expression only in the dental follicle of the tooth germ, but Aldh1a3 expression was weakly observed throughout the tooth germ. Aldh1a2 could be used as a new marker of dental follicle.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Begemann, G., "The zebrafish neckless mutation reveals a requirement for raldh2 in mesodermal signals that pattern the hindbrain" 128 : 3081-3094, 2001

2 Jones DM, "The effect of retinoic acid on mouse mandibular molar development in vitro, using alkaline phosphatase as a molecular indicator of differentiation" 63 : 276-, 2008

3 De Beer, G, "The differentiation of neural crest cells into visceral cartilages and odontoblasts in Amblystoma, and a reexamination of the germ-layer theory" 134 : 377-398, 1947

4 Mark, M., "Roles of retinoic acid receptors and of Hox genes in the patterning of the teeth and of the jaw skeleton" 39 : 111-121, 1995

5 Niederreither K, "Restricted expression and retinoic acid-induced downregulation of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2) gene during mouse development" 62 : 67-78, 1997

6 Mic FA, "Novel retinoic acid generating activities in the neural tube and heart identified by conditional rescue of Raldh2 null mutant mice" 129 : 2271-2282, 2002

7 Takatalo MS, "Novel Golgi protein, GoPro49, is a specific dental follicle marker" 88 : 534-538, 2009

8 Minoux, M., "Molecular mechanisms of cranial neural crest cell migration and patterning in craniofacial development" 137 : 2605-2621, 2010

9 Zhao D, "Molecular identification of a major retinoic-acid-synthesizing enzyme, a retinaldehyde-specific dehydrogenase" 240 : 15-22, 1996

10 Kronmiller, J. E., "Instruction by retinoic acid of incisor morphology in the mouse embryonic mandible" 40 : 589-595, 1995

11 Mallo, M., "Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan" 344 : 7-15, 2010

12 Lohnes, D., "Function of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development (I). Craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities in RAR double mutants" 120 : 2723-2748, 1994

13 Gibert, Y., "Formation of oral and pharyngeal dentition in teleosts depends on differential recruitment of retinoic acid signaling" 24 : 3298-3309, 2010

14 Takatalo M, "Expression of the novel Golgi protein GoPro49 is developmentally regulated during mesenchymal differentiation" 237 (237): 2243-2255, 2008

15 Bloch-Zupan A, "Expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptors during mouse odontogenesis" 57 : 195-203, 1994

16 Sasaki H, "Down-regulated genes in mouse dental papillae and pulp" 89 (89): 679-683, 2010

17 Niederreither K, "Differential expression of retinoic acid-synthesizing (RALDH) enzymes during fetal development and organ differentiation in the mouse" 110 : 165-171, 2002

18 Graham CE, "Characterization of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3" 394 (394): 67-75, 2006

19 Wilson, J., "An analysis of the syndrome of malformations induced by maternal vitamin A deficiency. Effects of restoration of vitamin A at various times during gestation" 92 : 189-217, 1953