In South Korea there is a rapid increase in cases of female breast cancer every year, with 47.4 people out of 100,000 people being newly diagnosed according to statistics in 2007. Breast cancer is currently the second most common form of female cancer...
In South Korea there is a rapid increase in cases of female breast cancer every year, with 47.4 people out of 100,000 people being newly diagnosed according to statistics in 2007. Breast cancer is currently the second most common form of female cancer, and the survival rate for patients is gradually increasing. Due to the rise in survival rate for female breast cancer patients, the quality of life of a breast cancer survivor after the treatment is being recognized as an important health issue. Sex life is one of the barometers that gauges one's quality of life, and particularly for female breast cancer patients, who undergo mastectomy, sex is an important concept that determines the quality of life. In the case of female breast cancer patients, their sex life comes to a halt due to sexual dysfunctions such as infertility, colpoxerosis, early menopause, hyposexuality and etc. caused by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Only 55% of the patients resume their sex life 5~10 years after surgery and there are serious cases such as divorce due to sexual dissatisfaction. However, due to the medical staffs' apathy and lack of knowledge, and with discussing sex considered as a taboo, breast cancer patients are unable to openly seek help for sexual issues. Since the sex life of female breast cancer patients is extremely personal, a qualitative research through in-depth one-to-one talks in order to conduct a more in-depth investigation on the nature of such personal experiences is required.
This research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the nature of the experience inherent in the sex life of a female breast cancer patient and understand the meaning behind it by adopting van Manen's ermeneutic phenomenology research method, which could clarify the universal and essential side of human phenomenon. The participants of this research are 10 female breast cancer patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer 2 years ago, were married back then, are currently still married, and have completed chemotherapy and radioation therapy; the period of date collection is from March 2010 to September 2010. Through recording the conversation with the participants, meaningful topics were categorized, and essential topics were classified according to the sub-division method; by consulting etymology, literature and art works, and phenomenological literature, this research has enhanced insight and understanding and referred them for phenomenological writing.
There were 4 essential topics of the participants' sex life, 'sex life alert', 'precarious situation of a possible divorce', 'maturity through pleasure after pain', and 'leaving it unsettled'. 'Sex life alert', which appeared as the first essential topic, was a result of rapid sexual changes that were never experienced before being diagnosed with female breast cancer. These changes occur due to the breast being removed due to mastectomy, and change in hormonal balance due to chemotherapy and radiation theory. However, such changes become factors that threaten the pre-diagnosis sex-life. Within the first essential topic, themes such as the loss of sexual pleasure, evasion of sex life, and depression caused by loss of feminity. These are the most common statements regarding the female cancer patient's sex life, and act as factors that destabilize the stable sex life before the diagnosis.'Precarious situation of a potential divorce', the second essential topic, deals with the experience deterioration of sex life by being unable to overcome the first topic, 'sex life alert'. It deals with themes such as shunning the husband by deeming him as a patient, sexual humiliation caused by the husband, and extreme malice between the couple. The third essential topic, 'maturity through pleasure after pain', talks about the experience of discovering a positive solution to overcome the 'sex-life alert', thus leading to a stronger and more mature sexual relationship than before the diagnosis. Themes include positively accepting breast cancer, discovery of alternatives to overcome difficulties with sex life, stronger marriage due to support and consideration, and discovery of the role as an assistant to sex life.
The fourth essential topic, 'leaving it unsettled', is the experience of not having any questions answered due to the lack of appropriate aid after diagnosed with breast cancer, thus ignoring the challenges faced. Themes include, lack of sexual knowledge regarding cure for breast cancer and demand for education, sexual difficulties with solutions yet to be discovered.
Thus, by discovering the various meanings and structure of a female breast cancer patient's sex life, this study can be said to have investigated and reveal the essential truth. This study is meaningful by the fact that the above contents, extracted from the sexual experience of female cancer patients, an issue which the medical staffs are not concerned with, have discovered the problems with caring for this patients and provided knowledge that could aid to develop and provide an appropriate measure to care for these patients.