창의적 동기유형에 따른 초등학생의 창의력과 과학탐구능력 = The Relationship between Creativity and Science Process Skills by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Elementary School Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been suggested that intrinsically and extrinsically motivated individuals have more efficiency to improve creativity than intrinsically motivated individuals. In this study, It needs to be examined whether intrinsically and extrinsically motivated learners have higher level of creativity than intrinsically motivated individuals. The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between creativity and science process skills by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
The research questions were as follows: 1) Was there difference between creativity and science process skills by gender and grade? 2) Was there difference between creativity and science process skills by the types of creative motivation? 3) Was there correlation between creativity and science process skills?
To solve the problems above, 104 (grade 4) and 112 (grade 6) children in an elementary school in Cheongwongun were designated as the subject for this study. The instruments for this study were the Work Preference Inventory (Amabile, 1994), Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (1984, 1990), and the Test of Science Process Skills(Kwon & Kim, 1994). The data were analyzed by t test, one way-ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation.
The results of this research were as follows:
First, there was no difference between gender on creativity. However, there was significant difference between grades on fluency, originality, and elaboration.
Second, intrinsically and extrinsically motivated, and intrinsically motivated individuals had higher level of creativity and science process skills than the others. Third, there was positive correlation between creativity and science basic process skills and specifically between fluency and science basic process skills. Also, there was negative correlation between originality and integrated science process skills.
According to Amabile’s earlier perspective on creativity, intrinsic motivation has a positive influence on creative performance, but extrinsic motivation has a negative influence on creative performance. However, the result of this research has shown that extrinsic motivation also has a positive influence on creativity in the case of context, individual’s motivational orientations, and individual’s cognitive evaluation, which also supports the revised theory of Amabile’s creativity.
Consequently, highly intrinsically and extrinsically-motivated individuals will produce synergy effect by satisfaction of their performance. Creativity can be improved by enhancing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. To reach more confirmation for our conclusion, more sophisticated and proper methods should be devised.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 안정된 내ㆍ외적 동기유형의 개인차를 직접적으로 측정하기 위해 고안된 작업선호검사를 통해 초등학생의 동기유형을 알아보고, 창의적 동기에 따라 창의력과 과학탐구능력은 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지, 그리고 각 변인간의 상관관계를 분석해 보는데 목적이 있다.
본 연구는 초등학교 4학년 104명과 6학년 112명으로 총 204명을 대상으로 학생들이 갖고 있는 창의적 동기를 알아보기 위해 작업선호검사를 실시하였으며, 창의력검사와 과학탐구능력 검사를 실시하였다. 자료분석은 t 검증과 ANOVA를 사용하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창의성에서의 성 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 학년에 따라서는 유창성, 독창성, 정교성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 학습자의 동기유형에 따라 창의력은 ALL유형, INT유형, EXT유행, NOT유형 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 내ㆍ외적 동기가 모두 높은 유형의 학생들이 내적 동기나 외적동기만 높은 유형의 학생들보다 창의력이 높은 것으로 나타났다, 셋째, 창의역과 기초탐구는 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 유창성은 기초탐구와 정적상관을, 독창성은 통합탐구와 부적 상관을 보였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 절차
• Ⅳ. 연구결과
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT