Like Petty's Law, which explains urban growth and changes in industrial structure, Seoul is growing into a global metropolis and itsindustrial structure is being reorganized from manufacturing-centered to knowledge-based industry. The industrial struc...
Like Petty's Law, which explains urban growth and changes in industrial structure, Seoul is growing into a global metropolis and itsindustrial structure is being reorganized from manufacturing-centered to knowledge-based industry. The industrial structure of quasi-industrial areas is also changing in accordance with this trend of industrial structure change. The quasi-industrial areas in Seoul was first designated in 1939 in Yeongdeungpo, with an area of 6.66㎢, and continued to increase until 1966, reaching a maximum of 87.56㎢. The total amount has been maintained since the 2010s (19.97㎢ as of 2023). Through this process of change, the mixing of uses, the deterioration of the physical environment, and the resulting conflict with the promotion of maintenance projects are becoming issues.
Previous studies on quasi-industrial areas have focused on changes in land use due to the decline of industrial functions, methods of maintenance (development) using factory sites, and more recently,
building types due to commercialization of quasi-industrial areas, and factors affecting real estate prices. Considering that the purpose of designation of a quasi-industrial areas is a mixed-use area such as residential and commercial areas centered on industry, there is no research from an industrial perspective. Therefore, this study aims to identify the spatial characteristics and factors affecting industrial change in quasi-industrial areas in Seoul and derive policy implications for the planned management of quasi-industrial areas.
The study consists of theoretical and empirical studies, and the data for industrial change analysis were data from the National Business Survey provided by the National Statistical Office (3 time points-2008, 2014, 2021). As an analysis method, ITA analysis was conducted to analyze industrial changes in detail in a time series manner. By distinguishing between indigenous manufacturing and knowledge-based industries (knowledge-based manufacturing and knowledge-based service industries), the spatial location characteristics of the space where each industry is concentrated were identified through Hotspot Analysis. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted targeting industrial clusters to analyze the influencing factors of industrial change.
In this study, four hypotheses were established and verified through theoretical review and previous research. The main results revealed through the study are summarized as follows.
First, as for the industries in Seoul as a whole and in quasi-industrial areas, as claimed in Patty-Clark's Law and Hoffman's Law, the proportion of manufacturing is decreasing overall, and the industrial structure is becoming more sophisticated due to the increase in knowledge-based industries. Patterns of change appear spatially and diversely. The reason why industrial changes appear diversely by space can be attributed to the characteristics of the use area of the quasi-industrial areas, the characteristics of the industry in which it is located, and the environmental characteristics of the industrial location.
Second, when summarizing the results of ITA analysis and hotspot analysis by administrative district, industries in quasi-industrial areas of Seoul are subject to industrial changes, such as remaining as
growing or declining industries, transitioning from growth to decline, or conversely, from decline to growth. It is happening in various forms by region and industry. Although indigenous manufacturing is
in decline overall, indigenous manufacturing continues to grow in certain industries, regions and continues to contribute to Seoul's industrial growth.
Third, as a result of analyzing the factors affecting industrial change in the entire quasi-industrial areas, in terms of industrial diversity, the expansion of the diversity of the entire industry has the effect of reducing the change in the number of businesses in the entire or knowledge-based industry, and the existing indigenous manufacturing, Regions with diverse knowledge-based manufacturing industries (areas with excellent industrial diversity in the manufacturing industry) were analyzed to have a positive (+) effect on the change in the number of businesses, regardless of industry classification such as total businesses, indigenous manufacturing, and knowledge-based industries. This means that among Jacobs' industrial diversity theory (all industries) and Marshall's industrial diversity theory (same type or related industries), the industrial diversity of indigenous manufacturing and its related knowledge-based manufacturing industry has a positive (+) impact on business change than the industrial diversity of the entire industry. This suggests that Marshall's industrial diversity theory is operating more strongly in Seoul's quasi-industrial areas, and that the manufacturing base is still having a positive impact on Seoul's urban growth(industrial growth). In addition, it was found that the
larger the total floor area of the already supplied knowledge industry center, the greater the number of startup businesses, and the greater the change in the number of employees, the more it has a positive
impact on the change in the number of businesses in the overall business, indigenous manufacturing, and knowledge-based industries. Considering the characteristics of knowledge industry centers, it can
be seen that knowledge industry centers are having a great influence on industrial change.
Fourth, when combining the analysis results by region, the variables that influenced the change in the number of indigenous manufacturing industry in the Seongsu-dong region were analyzed as the change in total floor area of the knowledge industry center(-), the number of startup businesses(+), and the change in the number of employees(+). The Variables that influenced the change in the number of knowledge-based industry entities were analyzed to include diversity of indigenous manufacturing (+) and changes in the number of employees(+). The variables that influenced the change in the number of the indigenous manufacturing industry in the Munrae-dong area were were analyzed to include in diversity of the knowledge-based manufacturing industry(+), the diversity of the knowledge-based service industry(-), and the total area of the already supplied knowledge industry center( +) and company age(+). The variables that influenced the change in the number of knowledge-based industry were analyzed to include changes in industrial diversity(+), diversity of indigenous
manufacturing(+), number of R&D research businesses(+), and company age(+). This is because in the Seongsu-dong area, existing factory functions are actively changing their use to commercial, cultural
facilities, etc., and as large-scale knowledge industry centers are being developed at factory relocation sites, indigenous manufacturing It is judged that the new development of the knowledge industry center has a strong(-) influence on the change in the number of animals. On the other hand, since the Mullae/Yangpyeong-dong region still has the characteristics of indigenous manufacturing industries forming an industrial ecosystem, the diversity of knowledge-based manufacturing industries and the total floor area of the already supplied knowledge industry centers are having a positive impact on the amount of change in indigenous manufacturing businesses. This suggests that there is a need to secure an appropriate level of public rental industrial facilities and apply building guidelines tailored to the manufacturing industry when constructing a knowledge industry center in consideration of the local industrial ecosystem in areas where indigenous manufacturing industries are concentrated.
Based on these research results, we propose the following policy direction for the planned management and revitalization of quasi-industrial areas in Seoul.
First of all, the Seoul Metropolitan Industrial Area serves as a hub for fostering future industries that will strengthen the city's competitiveness in conjunction with the advancement of Seoul's industrial structure, as well as a concentration of various indigenous manufacturing industries and employment. They are employees of Seoul residents and serve as a living space. It is necessary to revitalize it in a complex industrial space that is carried out at the same time. To this end, it is necessary to apply industrial support policies and physical space plans that can be customized on a location-by-location basis, based on an industrial survey and monitoring system that can closely grasp industrial changes in
quasi-industrial areas.
Second, the 2021 Urban Industrial Areas Act has been enacted, and the establishment of industrial areas basic plans and industrial areas development projects have been introduced, and various methods such as existing urban development type redevelopment projects, district-unit plan, and industrial areas development projects have been introduced. As the application of this development project method becomes possible, it is expected that new industries in the quasi-industrial areas of Seoul and mixed-use development projects such as residential and commercial areas to support them will be promoted. It is necessary to closely analyze the industrial changes in the region and apply customized development guidelines, such as the development form of knowledge industry centers and the securing of public rental industrial facilities.
Thirdly, since flexible management of use zones is necessary for efficient urban management, management principles have been established to develop quasi-industrial areas as complex industrial
areas, and the principle of maintaining total volume has been further strengthened from the perspective of use zones. There is a need for flexible management. Adjustment of quasi-industrial areas is a very sensitive area in terms of Seoul City's zoning management, so expectations regarding the possibility of adjustment of quasi-industrial areas may lead to increases in land prices in industrial cluster areas, leading to a weakening of industrial functions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish objective principles and standards based on industrial research and the influencing factors of industrial change, and to mutually coordinate the cancellation of zone use and new designation, and to promote gradual progress.