코로나19 바이러스 관련 폐기물의 발생현황, 관리 및 처리

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적: 본 연구는 장기화되고 있는 코로나19 대유행 시기에 보다 효과적인 폐기물 관리 및 처리 방안을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
방법: 국내외 문헌 검토를 통하여 코로나19 관련 의료 폐기물, 플라스틱 폐기물, 생활 폐기물 등의 발생 현황과 특성, 관리 및 처리 지침을 조사하였다. 또한, 현재 발표되고 있는 폐기물의 다양한 처리 기술과 동향을 확인하고, 우리나라의 현황과 문제점을 검토하였다.
결과 및 토의: 2020년 상반기 플라스틱 폐기물 배출량은 전년 동기 대비 15.6%가 증가하였고, 의료 폐기물 발생량 또한 2020년 1월 0.6톤에서 2021년 8월 2,928톤으로 크게 증가하였다. 현재 감염 위험성이 있는 폐기물은 전량 소각을 통해 처리하고 있지만 대기오염물질 배출과 처리 용량 부족 문제에 시달리고 있으며, 생활폐기물 또한 매립 시설 용량 부족과 재활용 업계의 가격경쟁력 약화로 어려움을 겪고 있다.
결론: 감염성 폐기물 발생량을 원천적으로 감량하기 위한 정부의 정책 및 제도 개선과 발생된 폐기물을 처리하기 위한 다양한 기술에 대한 적극적인 개발이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 대규모 병원과 의료시설 등에서는 자체적으로 멸균 및 화학적 처리 시설을 갖춤으로써 폐기물 감량에 앞장서야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives : This paper summarizes effective waste management and disposal methods for plastic and medical wastes during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods : We reviewed the literatures reporting and identifying the current status and characteristics of wastes related to COVID-19, and the management and treatment guidelines for those wastes. We also investigated various technologies for waste treatment and disposal, and assessed the current status and future direction of the technologies in Korea.
Results and Discussion : In the first half of 2020 in Korea, the amount of plastic waste produced had increased by 15.6% year-on-year, and medical waste production also increased significantly from 0.6 ton in January 2020 to 2,928 ton in August 2021. All of the infectious wastes are currently being incinerated in Korea, but there are concerns on air pollutant emissions and insufficient treatment facilities. Municipal solid waste also suffers from a lack of landfill capacity and low price competitiveness in the recycling industry.
Conclusions : Policy and system need to be improved to reduce the infectious waste generation from the sources, and treatment and disposal technologies for produced wastes also need to be developed. Furthermore, hospitals and health care facilities should establish their own waste reducing systems which may include chemical treatment and sterilization units.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론
• 2. 코로나19 관련 폐기물 발생 현황
• 3. 국내외 코로나19 관련 폐기물 관리 지침
• 4. 코로나19 관련 폐기물 처리 동향
• 5. 결론
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

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