자사고․특목고는 사교육비 경감에 기여하는가? = Do Specialized and Autonomous Private High Schools Contribute to Reducing Private Education Expenditures?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study empirically examined whether specialized high schools (science, foreign language, and international high schools) and autonomous private high schools contribute to reducing private education expenditures compared to general high schools. For this purpose, data from grades 10 to 12 in the second wave of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study (KELS) were used, and Tobit regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were conducted controlling for factors related to students and households, and school factors such as household income, school satisfaction, and class size. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that students in specialized and autonomous private high schools spent an average of 736,000 KRW (grade 10), 865,000 KRW (grade 11), and 924,000 KRW (grade 12) per month on private education, which was higher than that of students in general high schools, autonomous public high schools, and other vocational high schools. Their average monthly household income was also higher—7.59 million KRW (grade 10), 8.89 million KRW (grade 11), and 8.28 million KRW (grade 12)—than that of other school types, indicating the need to control for household income in the analysis. When controlling for household income and school variables through Tobit regression, students in specialized and autonomous private high schools spent about 36.8% less than general high school students in grade 10, showed no statistically significant difference in grade 11, and spent about 60% more in grade 12. The PSM analysis also showed that their private education expenditures were significantly higher in grade 12. These results suggest that specialized and autonomous private high schools do not generally contribute to reducing private education expenditures.