한국 유기농업 100년(1907~2007)의 변화에 관한 연구 = Studies on Change of Organic Farming in Korea from 1907~2007

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Korean organic farming has been well developed over the last two decades. It demonstrates that the number of certificated farm for organic agriculture and products have been drastically increased in recent year. However, the organic farmers have thought that organic farming rely only on organic fertilizer and they don’t keep organic farming principle in which organic farmer should enhance biological activity and crop rotation. This study was to compare nutrient input, recommendation, cropping system and organic product circulation between the early 20^th century and beginning of the 21^st century. The population of Korea has increased 7.3 times more than that of a century ago but cultivated land has been decreased during 100 years. The rice production in 2002 was 4.2 times higher than that of production in 1912. The input of N, P and K in 1907 on the basis of King’s suggestion was 95.6kg/ha, 15.9kg/ha and 3.0kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen came from excreta (40%), green manure (55%) and compost (5%) in the early 20^th century. On the other hand, organic farmer input organic resources such as wood chip (30.1%), compost (27.8%), rice straw (14%) and others (25%) these days. In terms of nutrient balance calculated nutrient and absorption by plants, organic rice farmer apply excessive nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil. They was used to put 7~10 times more nitrogen than that of a century ago. Nutrient recommendation was similar in N and P between early 20^th century and early 21^st century. Farmers in both century did not rotate crops in the field. Today, organic farmers engaged in more continuous cultivation than in early 20^th century. Farmers in the early 20^th century produced locally, consumed locally the agricultural products, but organic farmers in the 21^st century produce the organic product in the local farmland and consumed in the large city and also a lot of foreign organic products have been imported in recent year.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 손상목, "한국환경농업의 성공을 위한 정책적 및 기술적 접근과제" 5 (5): 1997

2 권태환, "한국의 인구" 서울대학교 1975

3 주봉규, "한국농업경제사" 문운당 1971

4 "작물별 추천시비량" 농촌진흥청 1988

5 조전권, "유기작물의 윤작" 2007

6 홍종훈, "유기자원의 활용현황과 전망 환경보존을 위한 토양관리 심포지움" 1993

7 이효원, "생태유기농업" 한국방송통신대학교 출판부 2007

8 농진청, "밭작물 재배를 위한 양분종합관리" 농진청 2005

9 이호철, "농업경제사 연구" 경북대출판부 1998

10 김창길, "국내친환경농산물의 생산실태 및 시장변화" 9 (9): 33-33, 2007

11 이용환, "국내 유기농재배지 유기물 시용실태 및 토양의 화학적 특정" 1 : 55-67, 2006

12 F. H. King., "Farmers of Forty Centuries" Dover publications 2004

13 Sohn, Sang Mok, "Development current issues and prospects of organic agriculture movement in Korea" 5 (5): 71-83, 1997