Nazardous properties and environmental effects of materials used in solar heating aud cooling (SHAC) technologies : interim handbook

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = 7
• List of Contributors = 8
• Ⅰ. Introdurtion = 9
• A. Objectives of this Handbook = 11
• B. Limitations on the Data Presented = 12
• C. The Concept of a Hazard versus a Hazardous Property = 14
• D. Guide to the llse of this Handbook = 15
• Ⅱ. SHAC SysteTs = 17
• A. Parsive System = 18
• B. Active SysteTm = 20
• C. Sources of Materials Lists = 22
• Ⅲ. Codes and Standards 24
• A. Sources of Codes and Standards = 25
• B. Building Codes and Standards Specifically Related to SHAC Systens = 28
• Ⅳ. Classification Scheme and General Properties of Materials Used in SHAC System = 30
• A. Classification of SHAC Materials = 30
• B. Heat Transfer Fluids = 32
• 1. Glycol-Water Solutions = 32
• 2. Silicone oils = 34
• 3. Hydrocarbon oils = 34
• 4. Fluorocarbon Gages = 35
• 5. Fluid Treatment Chemicals = 36
• 6. Important Physical Properties to Consider When Selecting Heat Iftansfer Fluids = 36
• 7. Econoinic Considerations = 40
• 8. Compatibility with Other Mterials in the System = 40
• 9. Practical Problem = 41
• 10. Typical System Using Liquid Heat Transfer Medium = 41
• 11. Physical Properties Data for Heat rnansfer Fluids and Fluid rneatment Chemicals = 43
• C. Insulations = 54
• 1. Glass Wool = 54
• 2. Mineral Wool = 54
• 3. Plastic Foams = 55
• 4. Important Properties for Selecting Insulations = 57
• 5. Data for Insulations = 58
• D. Seals and Sealant Materials = 62
• 1. Types of Rubber Materials = 62
• 2. Selection of Sealant Materials = 64
• 3. Data for Sealant Materials = 65
• E. Glazing Materials = 68
• 1. Types of Glazing Materials = 68
• 2. Important Properties in the Selection of Glazing Materials = 70
• 3. Data for Glazing Materials = 72
• F. Collector Materials = 74
• 1. Absorber Plate = 74
• 2. Frame and Exterior Materials = 74
• 3. Absorber Plate Coatings = 74
• 4. Collector Materials Physical Properties = 75
• G. Storage Media = 77
• 1. Classes of Heat Storage Media = 77
• 2. Important Properties for Selecting Heat Storage Media = 77
• 3. Data for Heat Storage Media = 79
• Ⅴ. Chemical ition, Thermal Degradation Products, and Thermoxidative Products of Some Cmmrcial Materials = 82
• A. Remarks Concerning Composition and Degradation of Polymeric Materials = 85
• 1. iticn of Polymeric Materials = 85
• 2. Degradation of Polymeric Mzterials = 86
• 3. Pyrolysis of Polyineric Materials (Thermal Stability) = 87
• 4. Tnermoxidative Stability of a Polymer = 88
• B. Conpositicn and nermal Degradation Products of Plastic Materials = 89
• 1. ition of Plastic Materials = 89
• 2. Thermal Stability and nermal Degradation Products of Plastics = 89
• C.Composition and Thermal Degradation of Heat Transfer Fluids = 95
• 1. Chemical ition of Heat Transfer Fluids 95
• 2. Thermal Stability, Thermal Degradation, and Thermoxidative Stability of Heat Transfer Fluids = 98
• D. Thermoxidative Stability and Outgassing Products of Selected Insulating Materials = 101
• E. ition and Thermal Degradation Products of Seal and Sealant Materials = 103
• 1. ition of Seals and Sealants = 103
• 2. Volatile Products Present in Seal and Sealant Materials = 103
• 3. Thermal Stability and Thermal Degradation Products of Seal and Sealant Materials = 105
• F. iticn and Thermal Degradation of Therrmal Storage Media = 108
• 1. Composition of Phase Change Therrmal Storage Media = 108
• 2. Thermal Degradation of Phase Change Thermal Storage Media = 108
• Ⅵ. Toxic Properties and Other Potential Health Effects of SHAC Materials = 110
• A. Toxicity Rating System = 115
• B. Heat Transfer Fluids = 118
• C. Insulation Materials = 132
• D. Seals and Sealant Materials = 133
• E. Glazing materials = 134
• F. Cbllector Materials = 135
• G. Heat Storage Media = 136
• H. Combustion Products, Outgassing Products, and Degradation Products = 140
• Ⅶ. Fire Hazard Properties of SBAC Materials = 148
• A. Interpretation of Fire Hazard Properties Data = 149
• 1. Data for Solids = 149
• 2. Data for Fluids = 151
• B. Fire Hazard Properties = 153
• 1. Heat Transfer Fluids = 153
• 2. Insulating Materials = 158
• 3. Seals and Sealants = 160
• 4. Glazing Materials = 162
• 5. Collector Mterials = 164
• 6. Thermal Storage Media = 165
• Ⅷ. Envirornental Effects of and Disposal Methods for SHAC Materials = 168
• A. Heat laansfer Fluids = 171
• 1. Glycols = 171
• 2. Silicones = 172
• 3. Hydrocarbon Oils = 173
• 4. Gases = 176
• B. Solid Wastes = 177
• 1. Insulation Materials = 177
• 2. Seals and Sealants = 178
• 3. Glazing Materials = 178
• 4. Collector Materials = 178
• 5. Storage Media = 179
• Appendix A. Data Sheets For Certain Heat Transfer Fluids = 180
• Appendix B. Fire Hazard Properties Test = 194
• 1. Wsts Used for Solid Materials = 194
• 2. Ttsts and Parameters Used for Fluids = 200
• Appendix C. Suggested Fire Hazard Identification for Industry = 200
• 1. Health Hazard Identification for Firefighters = 206
• 2. Flammability Hazard Identification for Firefighters = 207
• 3. Reactivity (Stability) Hazard Identification for Firefighters = 208
• References = 209
• Bibliography = 219