20세기 종결어미의 의미·기능 실현 양상에 따른 화계 사용의 변화 - ‘해’체를 중심으로 - = Changes in the Use of Speech Level Depending on Realization of Meaning Function of Final Endings in 20th Century - Focusing on ‘Hae’ Style

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 20세기 ‘해’체 어미가 의미·기능에 따라 실현되는 양상과 20세기 ‘해’체의 사용 양상을 살펴봄으로써 화계 사용의 변화를 밝히고자 하였다. ‘해’체 어미 ‘-지’, ‘-군’과 ‘-ㄴ지, -ㄹ지’는 의미·기능에 따라 실현되는 양상이 달라지며 화계 양상도 변화한다. ‘-지’와 ‘-군’은 ‘해’체 어미지만 사용 양상에 따라 ‘하게’체로 실현되며, ‘해’체 ‘-ㄴ지/-ㄹ지’는 그것이 가지고 있는 의미로 인해 화계가 더 높게 실현되기도 하는 것이다.
‘해’체는 ‘반말’체라고 하는데 ‘반말’은 “뒤가 잘린 말”을 의미하지만 “어린아이의 말”, “낮춤말”로 개념이 변화한다. ‘해요’체보다 늦게 체계화된 ‘해’체는 다른 화계에 혼용되다가 어린아이에서 여성으로 그리고 남성으로 화자가 확대되며 하나의 화계로 체계화된다. 이러한 과정에서 ‘해’체의 문말 억양은 ‘하게’체와 달라져 상승하는데, 이러한 양상은 Praat 실험을 통해 확인하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to reveal the following: the aspects that are realized from the 20th century ‘Hae’ style endings and secondly, the changes in the use of speech levels through the examination of the usage of 20th century ‘Hae’ style endings. The aspects that become realized depending on the meaning and function of the ‘Hae’ style endings of ‘-ji,’ ‘-gun,’ ‘-nji,’ and ‘-lji’ change, as well as aspects of the speech level. The ‘-ji’ and’-gun’ are the endings of the ‘Hae’ style but depending on its usage they could become realized in the form of the ‘Hage’ style. Furthermore, the ‘-nji/-lji’ endings of the ‘Hae’ style – with their inherent meaning – could lead to a higher realization of the speech level.
The ‘Hae’ style is considered as ‘banmal’ style (or informal speech) and ‘banmal’ style literally means ‘words with their backs cut off,’ but the concept has shifted into ‘child’s speech’ or ‘familiar speech.’ The ‘Hae’ style was systemized later than the ‘Haeyo’ style and was mixed in with other speech levels before its speakers expanded from children to women and then finally to men as it became systemized as a form of speech level. Through such processes, the ‘Hae’ style’s sentence ending intonations becomes different to the ‘Hage’ style and thus has become elevated; such aspects have been confirmed through the Praat experiments.