『주제군징(主制群徵)』의 전래와 수용 - 인체론에 대한 한·중·일의 이해를 중심으로 - = Johann Adam Schall von Bell’s Zhuzhiqunzheng and East-Asian Scholars’ Understanding on Human Body

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper reviewed the process of Johann Adam Schall von Bell’s Zhuzhiqunzheng being transferred to East Asia and the acceptance aspects of the theory on the human body of the book. Contrary to the author’s intention to prove the existence of God, East Asian readers paid more attention to the theory on the human body. This is not an attempt to examine how the East Asian scholars understanding of the Western anatomy was. Rather, this paper tried to focus more on the perspective of East Asian scholars, and examine the historical context of their understanding on the theory on the human body in the book.
To this end, in this paper, the whole composition of the book and the contents of “Yirenshenxiangzheng (以人身向徵, proof through the end of the human body)” were identified through contrast with its Latin original, and analyzed the methods of Shall’s Chinese adaptation. Shall revealed that he was trying to convince that the accuracy of the human structure and physiology were all proof of God’s existence and ability. It was followed by a contrast between scholars from Korea, China and Japan who quoted “Yirenshenxiangzheng.” Scholars from the three countries, in common, ruled out mentioning God and noted the information of human theory. And new information was cited and understood according to individual scholars’ interests and purposes. The differences between these people were significant, with some simply citing information about the human bones in medical attention, others using it as an important point of view of their human understanding, and others criticizing it in light of Western medicine as they had already known. Such diverse aspects of acceptance were influenced by scholars from the three countries’ background knowledge, interest, and historical conditions.
This showed that in reviewing the acceptance aspects of western learning, the focus of the study needed to be adjusted to the context surrounding the acceptor, as well as the content of the accepted text.