한국형 스포츠 마음챙김 척도의 타당성 검증 = The Validation of the Korean Version of Mindfulness Questionnaire in the Sport Context

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 스포츠 현장에서 마음챙김에 대한 관심과 연구가 증대하고 있다. 이 연구는 운동선수들을 대상으로 Thienot et al. (2014) 이 개발한 스포츠 마음챙김 척도의 타당성을 확인하고, 불안과 정신력과의 관계를 규명하였다. 스포츠 마음챙김 척도는 자각(5문항), 비판단(5문항), 재집중(5문항) 등 3요인 15문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 척도의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 권고된 척도번안절차 과정에 따라 내용을 번안하여 고등학교 및 대학교에 재학 중인 학생운동선수 297명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 수집된 자료에 대한 타당성 검증은 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석과 회귀분석 등을 통해서 수행되었다. 연구결과, 첫째, 요인분석 결과, 3요인 14문항이 타당한 요인부하량을 지닌 것으로 나타났으며, 모형의 적합도 역시 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 척도 요인에 대한 신뢰도도 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마음챙김 하위요인과 불안 하위요인(인지불안 및 신체불안)과 부적 상관을 보였으며, 정신력 요인과는 정적 상관을 보이면서 이론적 근거에 부합하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 끝으로 스포츠 마음챙김 척도의 개념타당도와 예측타당도 결과도 타당한 것으로 검증되었다. 한국형 스포츠 마음챙김 척도는 향후 선수들의 마음챙김을 측정 및 평가하는데 활용될 수 있으며, 그 기전을 파악하는데 유용한 정보를 현장에 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 나아가 이를 기반으로 심리기술훈련 프로그램을 구성하고 진행하는데 많은 기여를 할 것으로 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of mindfulness questionnaire (KMQ) developed by Thienot et al’s in the sport setting. And then, it was investigated relationships between mindfulness of athletes-students and anxiety and mental toughness. The mindfulness included 15 items of three factors which are awareness (5 items), non-judgmental (5 items), and refocusing (5 items). In order to verify the validity, KMQ was revised by the recommended test development and revision procedure. To test the validation of mindfulness, we recruited the high school and college athletes-students (N=297). The participants were asked to complete questionnaires to assess the perception of mindfulness, anxiety and mental toughness. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to test the fit of measurement models were employed to explore three higher-order three-factor measurement model. As results, first, based on results of explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the Korean version of mindfulness demonstrated a good model fit of measurement as well as good factorial and predictive validity. Second, the reliability of the scale also was resonable. Third, the mindfulness had a meaningful negative direct relation with anxiety, whereas mindfulness had a meaningful positive direct relation with mental toughness. Finally, construct validity and predictive validity of KMQ showed valid. Overall, the initial validation and development of mindfulness in Korean sport setting will be a good opportunity precisely to assess athletes-students’for mindfulness.

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