‘10년이나’ 또는 ‘10년밖에’ — 1950년대 中國科學社의 존속과 폐지 — = ‘As long as’ or ‘as short as’ ten years – The existence and abolition of the Science Society of China in the 1950s –

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Science Society of China(中國科學社, SSC) had hovered between existence and abolition until its end in May 1960. This article explores the complex processes in which the SSC faced crossroads between existence and abolition in the 1950s.
First of all, there were conflicting views within the SSC. In particular, Ren Hongjun and Zhu Kezhen had different visions of the SSC’s future.
Second, scientific organizations in the scientific community underwent major transformations during the time. As the Science Union(科聯), which consolidated professional societies, was established in August 1950, the China Association for Natural Science(中華自然科學社) and the Society of Chinese Scientific Workers(中國科學工作者協會) immediately declared their abolition. On the other hand, the SSC(中國科學社) and the Chinese Culture & Arts Society(中華學藝社) have managed to survive.
Third, there was confrontation of opinions among scientists over the meaning of science in a “New China”. For example, the China Democratic League(中國民主同盟) expounded the so-called “Science Doctrine (科學綱領)”in June 1957 but the “Science Doctrine”was soon attacked during the Anti-Rightist Campaign.
In other words, there were divisions and confrontations in three dimensions: the internal conflict within the SSC, divisions among scientific organizations, and confrontation in the scientists' society. On the one hand, Ren Hongjun's vision of the SSC, the existence of the SSC, and the “Science Doctrine” formed one camp, and on the other hand, Zhu Kezhen's plan for the SSC, the abolition of the China Association for Natural Science, and the Anti-Rightist Campaign represented the opposite position. This article argues that the opposition between these two trends in the field of science during the 1950s resulted from the confrontation between the two different visions of science - “professional science” versus “mass science.” In other words, the former aimed to encourage experts to produce scientific knowledge and spread it to the public, and the latter encouraged the masses to actively participate in scientific activities without limiting the subject of scientific knowledge production to experts.

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