In the history of physics, Newton defended the substantival model and Mach advocated the relational model over the nature of space. According to the substantival model, space is a substance like a material object, and according to the relational model...
In the history of physics, Newton defended the substantival model and Mach advocated the relational model over the nature of space. According to the substantival model, space is a substance like a material object, and according to the relational model, space is a relation between material objects. Newton performed the buck thought experiment and a globe thought experiment to support the view that absolute space exists. In response, Mach explained the results of the two experiments without invoking absolute space. He also pointed out that the notion of absolute space contradicts Newton's third law of motion. In my view, Mach is right that the concept of absolute space contradicts the third law of motion. But it is problematic for him to say that the results of the two thought experiments can be explained without bringing in absolute space because he did it at the cost of appealing to another problematic metaphysical entity: extra force.