Quantum Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Spin Current in Mesoscopic Electronics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We discuss a full description of electron transport that reveals an entire matrix current including both spin and charge degrees of freedoms in ideal leads attached to a ballistic quantum device. We present a Kirchhoff’s matrix current law simultaneously governing spin transport and charge transport for mesoscopic quantum circuits. We predict that spin-unpolarized electron injections can produce spin currents flowing out of quantum devices with spin-dependent potentials. Two-lead quantum devices with spin-dependent potentials, where reflected and transmitted electrons have opposite spin orientations, are shown to be a mesoscopic realization of the Stern-Gerlach apparatus with no magnetic field. Also, we discuss the spin vector conductance associated with the charge conductance in two-lead quantum devices. The quantum Kirchhoff’s current law can be applied to a wide variety of systems in mesosocopic electronics.

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