다국적기업의 지식이전 능력 : 한국 내 피인수기업에 대한 실증분석

국문 초록 (Abstract)

학습능력의 기본적인 근간이 흡수 능력이고, 관계자본과 지식획득간 긴밀한 상관관계가 존재한다는데 일반적인 동의가 이루어지고 있듯이, 동일한 논리가 국제인수를 통한 지식획득에도 적용되어질 수 있다. 즉, 일반적으로는 선진국에 소재한 인수기업이 신흥시장 혹은 개발도상국에 위치한 피인수 기업보다 상대적으로 우월한 지식과 정보를 보유하고 있으며, 인수기업은 자신들이 보유하고 있는 우수한 내부역량을 활용하기 위해 대부분 기업인수 활동을 진행하고, 따라서 그 과정에서 자연스럽게 피인수기업의 학습효과가 발생한다. 이러한 사실에도 불구하고 기존연구의 실증노력은 인수기업의 학습에만 초점이 맞춰져 왔으며, 그 역의 경우, 즉 피인수 기업에 의한 인수기업이 보유한 지식습득에 대한 실증을 시도한 연구를 찾아보기 어려운 것이 현실이다. 본 저자들은 다국적기업이 충분한 지식이전 능력을 소유하고 있지 않을 때 피인수 기업의 학습이 용이하지 않을 것임을 지적하고자 하며, 이러한 견지에서 다국적기업의 기술이전 능력에 영향을 미치는 주요 결정인자들을 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 일련의 회귀분석 기법이 사용되었으며, 동 분석방법을 통해 투자기업의 교습능력에 긍정적 영향을 줌으로써 궁극적으로는 피인수기업의 기술습득을 견인하는 변수들로는 관련지식의 보유, 인수기업의 적극적인 경영참여 및 외국인 전문가의 파견 등이 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 이전협력 경험이 다국적기업이 보유하고 있는 관련 선행지식과 조화롭게 융화될 경우, 그리고 피인수기업의 활발한 커뮤니케이션과 연수훈련 제공이 인수기업의 적극적인 경영참여하에서 이루어지는 경우에도 학습을 촉진한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 이러한 실증결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 국제인수를 통해 신규시장에 진입하고자 하는 다국적기업들에게 주요한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

No one can dispute the following two general statements: 1) the essential source of capability to acquire new information is absorptive capacity in learning organizations and 2) there is a close association between relational capital and knowledge acquisition. The same ideas can also be applied to, in particular, knowledge acquisition in international acquisitions (IAs). Acquiring firms in advanced countries generally possess superior knowledge and technology than target firms in emerging or developing economies. Acquiring firms often undertake IA activities in order to utilize their proprietary firm-specific information in foreign markets, resulting in transmittance of the knowledge to local firms. Despite that fact, studies to date have focused on organizational learning only from the perspective of acquiring firms, but overlooked the same phenomenon from a different angle(i.e., absorption of knowledge possessed by foreign firms in target organizations). We suggest that technology acquisition in acquired firms is not likely to be easy when multinational enterprises(MNEs) do not own sufficient capacity to transfer knowledge. In this vein, this study attempts to identify key factors affecting knowledge transfer capacity of MNEs. To achieve this research objective, we have employed a series of regression analysis. By using this technique, we find that 'possession of prior relevant knowledge', 'active managerial involvement of acquiring firms', and 'dispatch of foreign expatriate experts' positively influence knowledge transfer capacity and subsequently enhance the extent of technology acquisition in target firms. Moreover, we also discover that three additional composite factors(i.e., the harmonization of 'prior collaborative experience' with 'prior relevant knowledge', the combination of 'frequent communication between acquiring and acquired firms' and 'training provision' with 'active managerial involvement of knowledge transferors') promote technology acquisition in learning organizations. Based on these results, this research suggests some useful implications for MNEs that intend to enter new foreign markets through IAs.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• I. 서론
• II. 흡수능력과 관계자본에 대한 고찰
• 2.1 흡수능력
• 2.2 호혜적 학습환경 조성을 위한 관계자본
• 2.3 Research Gap
• III. 연구모델과 가설
• 3.1 기존의 내부능력
• 3.2 기술을 공유하고자 하는 의지
• IV. 연구방법론
• 4.1 샘플 및 데이터 수집
• 4.2 변수측정
• 4.3 동일방법편의
• V. 분석결과 및 토론
• Ⅵ. 결론
• [부록]
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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