Phylogeny and systematics of Crossosomatales as inferred from chloroplast atpB, matK, and rbcL sequences

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Crossosomatales is a recently recognized order in the rosid II clade with about 64 species in eight morphologically distinct families that have been previously classified in as many as 15 other orders. Phylogenetic relationships among the families and genera within Crossosomatales were investigated using chloroplast atpB, matK, and rbcL sequences employing maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic framework was used to examine the patterns of morphological evolution and synapomorphies for subclades within Crossosomatales. The combined data with representative species from all genera in the order strongly supported monophyly of Crossosomatales. Strong support was found for the families in the Southern Hemisphere, in which Aphloiaceae is sister to the clade of (Geissolomataceae, (Ixerbaceae + Strasburgeriaceae)).
The sister relationship between the Southern Hemisphere clade and families distributed primarily in the Northern Hemisphere was also supported. As in the previous studies, following relationships were found within the Northern Hemisphere clade: Staphyleaceae is sister to a clade of (Guamatelaceae, (Stachyuraceae + Crossosomataceae)). The pattern analysis indicates that evolutionary pattern of morphological characters is complex, requiring multiple changes within Crossosomatales. Several reproductive traits, such as inflorescence, aril, stigma, and conspicuous protrusion from pollen aperture, corroborate the molecular phylogeny.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Weber, M., "‘Pollen buds’ in Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) and their role in pollenkitt release" 107 : 187-270, 1994

2 Stevens, P. F., "onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Version 6, May 2005 [and more or less continuously updated since]"

3 Carquist, S., "Wood anatomy of Crossosomatales: patterns of wood evolution with relation to phylogeny and ecology" 24 : 1-18, 2007

4 Takhtajan, A., "Systema Magnoliophytorum" Nauka 1987

5 Dikison, W. C., "Strasburgeriaceae, In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" Springer 446-448, 2007

6 Simmns, S. L., "Staphyleaceae, In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" Springer 440-445, 2007

7 Li, D., "Staphyleaceae, In Flora of China, vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae)" Science Press 498-504, 2008

8 Qiner, Y, "Stachyuraceae. In Flora of China, vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae)" Science Press 138-140, 2007

9 Shan, H. R., "Stachyuraceae, In Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinica, vol. 52 (1)" Science Press 81-96, 1999

10 Wang, H. C., "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiospermdominated forests" 106 : 3853-3858, 2009

11 Swofford, D. L., "Phylogeny reconstruction, In Molecular systematics, Ed. 2" Sinauer Associates 407-514, 1996

12 Savolainen, V., "Phylogenetics of flowering plants based on combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL gene sequences" 49 : 306-362, 2000

13 Sosa, V., "Phylogenetics of Crossosomataceae based on rbcL sequence data" 28 : 96-105, 2003

14 Christenhusz, M. J. M., "Petenaeaceae, a new angiosperm family in Huerteales with a distant relationship to Gerrardina (Gerrardinaceae)" 164 : 16-25, 2010

15 Swofford, D. L., "PAUP*, Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods), Version 4.0b10, Sinauer Associates"

16 Cameron, K. M., "On the phylogenetic position of the New Caledonian endemic families Paracryphiaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Strasburgeriaceae: a comparison of molecules and morphology" 68 : 428-443, 2003

17 Nixon, K. C., "On consensus: collapsibility, and clade concordance" 12 : 305-321, 1996

18 Reveal, J. L., "New ordinal names for extant vascular plants" 74 : 173-177, 1993

19 Huelsenbeck, J. P., "MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny" 17 : 754-755, 2001

20 Maddison, W. P., "MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution, version 4.0 PPC" Sinauer 2000

21 Posada, D., "MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution" 14 : 817-818, 1998

22 Schneider, J. V., "Ixerbaceae, In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" Springer 205-207, 2007

23 Worberg, A., "Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia" 58 : 468-478, 2009

24 Zwickl, D. J., "Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin"

25 Forest, F., "Geissolomataceae, In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" Springer 155-156, 2007

26 Dikison, W. C., "Floral morphology and anatomy of Staphyleaceae" 147 : 312-326, 1986

27 Cunningham, A., "Florae insularm Novae Zelandiae precursor" 3 : 244-250, 1839

28 Oginuma, K., "Exceedingly high chromosome number in Strasburgeriaceae, a monotypic family endemic to New Caledonia" 262 : 97-101, 2006

29 Zhu, Y.-P., "Evolutionary relationships and diversification of Stachyuraceae based on sequences of four chloroplast markers and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region" 55 : 931-940, 2006

30 Takhtajan, A., "Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants" Columbia University Press 1997

31 Oh, S., "Description and phylogenetic position of a new angiosperm family, Guamatelaceae, inferred from chloroplast rbcL, atpB, and matK sequences" 31 : 730-738, 2006

32 Dikison, W. C., "Contributions to the morphology and anatomy of Strasbergeria and a discussion of the taxonomic position of the Strasburgeriaceae" 33 : 564-580, 1981

33 Felsenstein, J., "Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap" 39 : 783-791, 1985

34 Matthews, M. L., "Comparative floral structure and systematics in Crossosomatales (Crossosomataceae, Stachyuraceae, Staphyleaceae, Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae, Ixerbaceae, Strasburgeriaceae)" 147 : 1-46, 2005

35 Kubitzki, K., "Aphloiaceae, In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants" Springer 31-32, 2007

36 Soltis, D. E., "Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences" 133 : 381-461, 2000

37 Hilu, K. W., "Angiosperm phylogeny based on matK sequence information" 90 : 1758-1776, 2003

38 Thorne, R. F., "An updated classification of the class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)" 73 : 67-181, 2007

39 APG III, "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" 161 : 105-121, 2009

40 Cronquist, A., "An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants" Columbia University Press 1981

41 Chen, S. K., "A study on the Stachyuraceae form China" 3 : 125-137, 1981

42 Nandi, O., "A combined cladistic analysis of angiosperms using rbcL and non-molecular data sets" 85 : 137-212, 1998

43 Soltis, D. E., "A 567-taxon data set for angiosperms: the challenges posed by Bayesian analyses of large data sets" 168 : 137-157, 2007