Force transfer mechanisms for reliable design of reinforced concrete deep beams

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, a strut-and-tie model approach has been proposed to directly calculate the amount of reinforcements in deep beams, and the force transfer mechanisms for this approach were investigated using linear finite element analysis. The proposed strut-and-tie model provides quite similar force transfer mechanisms to the results of linear finite element analysis for the 28 deep beams. The loadcarrying capacities calculated from the proposed method are both accurate and conservative with little scatter or trends for the 214 deep beams. The deep beams have different concrete strengths including highstrength, various combinations of web reinforcements, and wide range of and a/d ratios. Good accuracy was also obtained using VecTor2, nonlinear finite element analysis tool based on the Modified Compression Field Theory. Since the proposed method provides a safe and reliable means for design of deep beams, this can serve to improve design provisions in future adjustments and development of design guidelines.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kong, F.K., "Web reinforcement effects on deep beams" 67 (67): 1010-1017, 1970

2 Vecchio, F.J., "VecTor2 and FormWorks User’s Manual" Univ. of Toronto 2003

3 Schlaich, J., "Toward a consistent design of structural concrete" 32 (32): 75-149, 1987

4 Foster, S.J., "The design of nonflexural members with normal and high-strength concretes" 93 (93): 3-10, 1996

5 Rogowsky, D.M., "Tests of reinforced concrete deep beams" 83 (83): 614-623, 1986

6 Schäfer, K., "Strut-and-tie models for the design of structural concrete" 1996

7 Hong Guan, "Strut-and-tie model of deep beams with web openings - An optimization approach" 국제구조공학회 19 (19): 361-379, 2005

8 Park, J.W., "Strut-and-tie model analysis for strength prediction of deep beams" 104 (104): 657-666, 2007

9 W. F. Chen, "Structural Engineering: Seeing the Big Picture" 대한토목학회 12 (12): 25-29, 2008

10 Foster, S.J., "Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams" School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales 1992

11 Quintero-Febres, C.G., "Strength of struts in deep concrete members designed using strut-and-tie method" 103 (103): 577-586, 2006

12 Hwang, S.J., "Shear strength prediction for reinforced concrete corbels" 97 (97): 543-552, 2000

13 Hwang, S.J., "Shear strength prediction for deep beams" 97 (97): 367-376, 2000

14 Oh, J.K., "Shear strength of reinforced high-strength concrete deep beams" 98 (98): 164-173, 2001

15 Smith, K.N., "Shear strength of deep beams" 79 (79): 201-213, 1982

16 Paulay, T., "Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings" John Wiley and Sons. 1992

17 Vecchio, F.J., "Response of reinforced concrete to in-plane shear and normal stresses" Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 1982

18 Vecchio, F.J., "Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete membranes" 86 (86): 26-35, 1989

19 Hsu, T.T.C., "Nonlinear analysis of membrane elements by fixed-angle softened-truss model" 94 (94): 483-492, 1997

20 Vecchio, F.J., "Modified compression field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear" 83 (83): 219-231, 1986

21 Warwick, W.B., "Investigation into the efficiency factor used in nonflexural reinforced concrete member design" School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia 1993

22 Tan, K.H., "High-strength concrete deep beams with effective span and shear span variations" 92 (92): 395-405, 1995

23 Aguilar, G., "Experimental evaluation of design procedures for shear strength of deep reinforced concrete beams" 99 (99): 539-548, 2002

24 Foster, S.J., "Evaluation of efficiency factor models used in strut-and-tie modeling of nonflexural members" 128 (128): 569-577, 2002

25 Batchelor, D.V.B., "Effectiveness factor for shear in concrete beams" 112 (112): 1464-1477, 1986

26 Clarke, A.P., "Diagonal tension in reinforced concrete beams" 48 (48): 145-156, 1951

27 Anderson, N.S., "Detailing of stirrup reinforcement" 86 (86): 507-515, 1989

28 CSA Committee A23.3, "Design of Concrete Structures: Structures (Design) - A National Standard of Canada" Canadian Standards Association 1994

29 Schlaich, J., "Design and detailing of structural concrete using strut-and-tie models" 69 (69): 113-125, 1991

30 Vecchio, F.J., "Compression response of cracked reinforced concrete" 119 (119): 3590-3610, 1993

31 CEB-FIP, "CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures. Comite Euro-International du Beton/Federation International de la Precontrainte"

32 ACI Committee 318, "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete(ACI 318-05)and Commentary(ACI 318R-05)" American Concrete Institute. 2005

33 Marti, P., "Basic tools of reinforced concrete beam design" 82 (82): 46-56, 1985

34 Hwang, S.J., "Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of interior reinforced concrete beam-column joints for seismic resistance" 97 (97): 34-44, 2000

35 Hwang, S.J., "Analytical model for predicting shear strengths of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints for seismic resistance" 96 (96): 846-857, 1999

36 Hwang, S.J., "Analytical model for predicting shear strength of squat walls" 127 (127): 43-50, 2001

37 AASHTO, "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2004