계면활성제를 첨가한 미셀 형성 세라믹 분리막에 의한 칼슘이온 제거 = Removal of aqueous calcium ion by micellar enhanced ceramic membranes adding surfactant

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, anionic surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), at a concentration higher than its critical micellar concentration (CMC) was added to calcium solution for forming micelles. After adding SDS, aggregates were formed by adsorption or binding of calcium ions on the surface of micelles, and gathering between the micelles, and then rejected by two kinds of ceramic membranes for removing calcium ions from aqueous solution. As result, rejection rates of calcium were higher than 99.98 %, because the micelle aggregates were rejected almost perfectly by our ceramic membranes. Then, we investigated the change of dimensionless permeate flux (J/J_(o)) and permeate flux (J) during 100 minutes' filtration to see effect of TMP (Trans-membrane pressure) on membrane fouling and rejection rate of calcium. As result, the higher TMP trended to increase the resistance of membrane fouling (R_(f)) in the range of our expenments. However, we could acquire the highest volume of total permeate volume (V_(T)), J/J_(o) and J at the highest TMP for the reason that TMP was driving force in our membrane process. And we investigated effects of N_(2)-back-flushing time (BT) and filtration time (FT), that was back-flushing period, during pehodic N_(2)-back-flushing on ceramic membranes. As result, optimal BT for NCMT-6231 (0.07 ㎛ pore size) and NCMT-7231 membrane (0.10 ㎛) were 10 sec and 15 sec, respectively. Also, optimal FT was 5 min for both ceramic membranes, and the frequent N_(2)-back-Hushing could decrease membrane fouling effectively. Then, the optimal conditions resulting from our experiments for synthetic calcium solution were applied to groundwater using as washing process of soymilk package in a factory. As result, rejection rates of calcium were higher than 99.98 % for two kinds of our ceramic membranes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = 0
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1.1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 1.2. 연구 목표 및 방법 = 1
• 1.3. 국내외 관련 연구현황 = 2
• Ⅱ. 문헌연구 = 5
• 2.1. 분리막 (Membrane) = 5
• 2.1.1. 분리막 모듈 = 7
• 2.1.2. 분리막 공정의 특성 = 8
• 2.1.3. 막오염 및 해결 = 11
• 2.2. 미셀 한외여과 = 13
• 2.2.1. 계면활성제의 흡착성 = 13
• 2.2.2. 미셀 한외여과를 이용한 수중의 다가 이온 제거 = 14
• Ⅲ. 재료 및 방법 = 17
• 3.1. 실험재료 및 장치 = 17
• 3.1.1. 세라믹 분리막 = 17
• 3.1.2. 시료 = 18
• 3.1.3. 실험장치 = 18
• 3.2. 운전 조건 = 21
• 3.2.1. 막간압력차 (TMP)의 영향 = 21
• 3.2.2. 역세척 시간 (BT)의 영향 = 21
• 3.2.3. 여과 시간 (FT)의 영향 = 22
• 3.3. 분석 방법 = 23
• 3.3.1. 얼룩 유발물질 = 23
• 3.3.2. 응집체의 입도분포와 크기 = 23
• 3.3.3. 수질 분석 = 23
• 3.3.4. SDS의 분석 = 23
• 3.3.5. 임계미셀농도 (CMC) 측정 = 24
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 토의 = 25
• 4.1. 얼룩 유발물질 = 25
• 4.2. SDS의 CMC 측정 = 28
• 4.3. 응집체의 입도분석 결과 = 30
• 4.4. 운전조건 영향 = 32
• 4.4.1. 막간압력차 (TMP)에 의한 영향 = 32
• 4.4.2. 역세척 시간 (BT)의 영향 = 45
• 4.4.3. 여과 시간 (FT)의 영향 = 51
• 4.5. 지하수에 대한 실증 실험결과 = 58
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 63
• 참고문헌 = 66
• Abstract = 76