창해·요동의 의미와 창해군 = The meaning of Changhai and Liaodong in the Han Dynasty and Changhaijun

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한대漢代 요동은창해의동쪽으로표현하고있어창해는오늘날발해에 해당한다. 창해는 사기 등 다수의 고대 중국 문헌을 근거로 할 때에 발해를 지칭하며창해군은발해 인근에위치하였다고볼 수있다. 한대에 창해군이 폐지된 것은 그것이 멀리에 있었다는 것보다는 창해군에 속한 이민족 지배에 대한 비용이 많이 든다는 내용으로 해석된다. 삼국지 위서와비교하여 기원후207년 보다330여년이 앞선기원전128년상곡과 요동구간의교통로 사정은매우열악한 지경에있었음을알수있다.
여기서요동에이르는구간의교통로가매우좋았을것이라는견해는타당하지않다. 어양이동의요동은한입장에서포기할수있는이적의땅으로 인식되고는하였다. 사기 세가에의하여기원전202년이후기원전109 년까지요동군의실체를분명히확인할수없다. 후한에의해요서지역에 요동속국이설치된것도요동이반드시요하의동쪽을의미하지는않는다.
창해군의28만구는요동군27만여구와현도군22만여구보다도더많은 수에해당한다. 때문에궁벽한 동해안 쪽 예 일대에 28만구를 가진 한의 창해군이 설치되기는어렵다. 창해군이기원전128년에설치되어126년에폐지되었다면 폐지후불과20여년만에설치되는현도군이왜창해군이라는 명칭을 그대로 쓰지 않고 별도의 현도군이라 했는지 의문이다.
창해군 재함흥설과 재동해안설의문제는삼국사기에나와있는창해를 사기와한서, 후한서, 삼국지의창해와동일시한다는점이다. 상곡부터요동은땅은넓으나인구가적었다는점을고려하면창해군은발해 인근 오늘날 요하 서쪽에 설치된 것으로 봄이 타당하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The fact that Canghaijun was abolished during the Han Dynasty is not that it was far away. It is said that the cost of ruling the foreign people belonging to the Canghaijun is high. Liaodong is represented as the east of Canghai. Canghai thus corresponds to the western part of present-day Bohai. In ancient China, Donghae in Korean waters was not called Canghai. Based on a number of ancient Chinese texts such as Shiji, it can be said that Canghai refers to Bohai in ancient China. Canghai refers to Bohai, and Canghaijun is located in Bohai.
It is not desirable to establish the location of Canghaijun by detecting only Hui alone in Huijunnanlu. Huijun must be reviewed together with Canghai, Liaodong and Huimo to understand its original meaning. Also, do not judge Huijunnanlu in the 2nd century BC with the Canghaijun articles in Sanguozhi and Houhansu compiled around the 3rd century AD. This is far from historical. If Huijunnanlu and others betrayed Chosun king Woogeo and belonged to Liaodong, Canghaijun was not established in the lands of Chosun, such as Hui, Okjeo, and Goguryeo.
In the records of Sanguozhi and Houhansu, Hui comes out as a region encompassing Hui, Goguryeo, Okjeo, and Donghui. Huijunnanlu is neither Buyeo’s Hui nor Donghae’s Hui, but Liaodong’s Hui or Huimo.
Based on this criterion, Canghaijun is installed in the west of Bohai, and spring is reasonable.