In order to meet the city's accelerated development demand, urban regeneration projects are being carried out indiscriminately to solve the declining problems (social and economic problems, aging urban infrastructure, population distribution, etc.). I...
In order to meet the city's accelerated development demand, urban regeneration projects are being carried out indiscriminately to solve the declining problems (social and economic problems, aging urban infrastructure, population distribution, etc.). In the process, the uniform and realistic project of urban regeneration projects was criticized for damaging urban diversity and historical character, and residents' complaints are growing as the implementation of the "urban regeneration plan" is carried out without residents' participation and communication. Therefore, for sustainable urban regeneration, it is time for a viable methodology of participation, such as participation techniques and participation stages, to strengthen the capabilities of residents. The purpose of this study is to suggest ‘resident participation model’ by verifying the resident participation model in which the participation step and participation technique are applied to strengthen the resident capability as a plan for the independence and autonomy of residents after the termination of urban regeneration project. To this end, the sustainability of urban regeneration is defined as recovering the relation between participants residents and ‘relationship building’ of community relation, and personal competency’ for the autonomous operation of urban regeneration and the concept of ‘motivation’ with continuous participation and interest. The stage specific technology factors of resident participation model for strengthening resident capability are drawn and utilized for measurement tool for analysis, the hypothesis is verified through empirical analysis and test application on whether it affects sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation), and ‘resident participation’ is suggested for sustainable urban regeneration. The main research contents are as follows. First, in order to analyze the important impact factors on the sustainability of strengthening resident capability, ‘resident participation model’ is classified into 5 stages of the stage of understanding, the stage of discovering problem, the state of establishing idea, the stage of shaping the solution and the stage of applying. For the stage specific relationship building, we suggest the resident participation model which consists of 31 factors in total including resident participation technology factor, resident participation technology factor for the personal competency and the resident participation technology factor for the motivation. Second, we analyze the causal relationship of the resident participation technology factor for strengthening resident capability on the relationship building, personal competency and motivation in terms of sustainability. A total of 17 metropolitan and provincial governments, including Seoul Metropolitan Government, six major metropolitan cities, one special autonomous city, one special autonomous province, and eight provinces, are selected as research target. The time range is limited from 2016 to 2020. The research method establishes the differentiation and research direction of the study through existing prior research and literature review. The resident participation model is suggested and the research hypothesis is set by drawing the preliminary influence factors through domestic urban regeneration case study and experts interview based on service design methodology. The hypothesis is verified through empirical analysis and test application. For the empirical analysis, the statistic analysis methods such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation and multicollinearity are used. For the verification of hypothesis, SPSS V. 19.1, a statistic package program, is used to verify the hypothesis through multi-regression analysis. And the participation attitude, recognition, interview and participation evaluation report of residents are checked through test application and the hypothesis verification is conducted. The key hypothesis is ‘resident participation model’ has a positive(+) influence on the sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation) of urban regeneration’. The study result of empirical analysis is as follow. First, ‘the stage of understanding of resident participation model (Stakeholder Map➀, Village resource discovery map, SWOT ANALYSIS) is found to have the positive influence on sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation) of urban regeneration. In particular, Stakeholder Map➀ as a technology factor for relationship building, Village resource discovery map for personal competency, and SWOT ANALYSIS for motivation are found to have somewhat high effect. Second, the stage of discovering problem in resident participation model (itinerary map➀, AEIOU➀, diagnostic map) is found to have the positive influence on sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation)에 of urban regeneration. In particular, the itinerary map➀ and AEIOU➀, diagnostic map are found to have somewhat high effect on the sustainability. Third, ‘the stage of establishing idea of resident participation model (persona, brainstorming, AEIOU②, itinerary map②, governance round table, making quantitative performance indicators) is found not to have the positive influence on the sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation) of urban regeneration. Fourth, ‘the stage of shaping the solution of resident participation model (survey②, Oz wizard) is found to have the positive influence on sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation) of urban regeneration. In particular, the survey ➁ is found to have somewhat high influence as the technology factor for relationship building. As the technology factor for personal competency, Oz wizard is found to have somewhat high influence. Finally, the stage of applying of resident participation model (role playing, service blue print, value chain) is found to have the positive influence on sustainability(relationship building, personal competency, motivation) of urban regeneration. The experimental application results of the ‘resident participation model’ are as follows. As a stakeholder map for relationship building in the understanding stage, a village resource discovery map for personal competency, and a technique factor for motivation, the survey is confirmed to be somewhat effective in sustainability. The interview for relationship building in the stage of discovering the problem, and AEIOU➀ as the technology for itinerary map➀, personal competency, and the service safari as the technology factors for diagnostic map, motivation are confirmed to have somewhat higher influence on the sustainability. The persona, brainstorming in the stage of establishing idea for relationship building are confirmed to have somewhat high influence to the sustainability. AEIOU② and itinerary map② for personal competency are found to be positive factors and making governance round table and quantitative performance indicator for motivation is confirmed to be somewhat effective. Stakeholder map and survey② for relationship building in the stage of shaping the solution are found to be the technology factors for personal competency and Oz wizard, business plan and the intimacy analysis among motivation are found to have somewhat high influence. The role script for relationship building in the application stage, service blueprint for personal competency, business monitoring checklist and value chain are found to be somewhat effective. The operator education and evaluation are found to be somewhat effective as technology factors for motivation. The hypothesis is verified through empirical analysis and model application to present the redirect partition model as 'active recommendation', 'elastic application' and ‘judging whether to apply’ depending on the target site status as a use method of resident participation model. Policy proposals for sustainable urban regeneration are as follows. First, urban regeneration projects are comprehensive projects that require continuous improvement in local economic, social, environmental and physical conditions, requiring access to diverse specialties centered on residents. In particular, there is a need for a resident participation implementation strategy that can induce resident participation by using ‘service design’ a multidisciplinary approach, and solve and implement problems centered on residents. To this end, it should be introduced as an implementation strategy for strengthening resident capability through the 'resident participation model' reflecting the resident participation process of the 'understanding stage - problem finding stage - idea establishment stage - solution formulation stage - application stage'. Second, it is necessary to secure the implementation ability of urban regeneration through resident participation. For the continuous participation and motivation of residents in the urban regeneration project, when the result by strengthening resident capability is reflected in the urban regeneration plan, it can influence to the meaning of participation and the satisfaction of residents. When the concrete implementation guide lines such as operation of resident council, capacity building process, resident participation process and standards are reflected as concrete plan of competency strengthening in ‘urban regeneration activation plan’ among the process of urban regeneration, the implementation ability of sustainability of urban regeneration increases. Third, a preemptive resident participation technique is needed to build relationships among various stakeholders. Recently, after the implementation of the urban regeneration project, gentrification, a phenomenon in which tenants are driven out, has been pointed out as a side effect of urban regeneration. To this end, the 'Stakeholder Map' process to discuss interests and resident justice among the key elements of the resident participation model and the 'Role Play' process to improve the plan by forming a deep consensus among stakeholders and identifying potential problems . This allows the preemptive response against driven out of tenants. Finally, it is necessary to approach from various field for the competency strengthening education of residents in the sustainable urban regeneration. In Europe and USA, sociologists and the arts and culture fields are already approaching the comprehensive problems of urban regeneration. The progress of resident centered urban regeneration project should expand and reorganize the current urban regeneration support organization system for the participation by experts from various fields such as social, culture, art, multi-culture and welfare fields for the process to solve village problem while communicating with local residents.