In this study, a textile respiration sensor (TRS) that can be applied to clothing is proposed. I investigated (part I) the possibility of measuring TRS as a dummy object. Additional research (part II) was conducted to investigate the characteristics o...
In this study, a textile respiration sensor (TRS) that can be applied to clothing is proposed. I investigated (part I) the possibility of measuring TRS as a dummy object. Additional research (part II) was conducted to investigate the characteristics of TRS in seven adult men.
Research studies I and II set the variables of the study as the three types of TRS, speed of respiration, and measurement position of TRS (applied only in part II). In order to observe the TRS respiration accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability, BIOPAC, a typical wearable respiration sensor in the field of medical devices, was used at a position adjacent to the TRS, and the respiration rate was simultaneously measured through the two sensors. The measured results obtained were compared and analyzed. The values of respiration rate and continuous voltage changes in the respiration rate were measured. The respiration rate was calculated by determining the percentage of arithmetic mean standard deviation, and the continuous voltage variation resulted in the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficients and validation.
In part I of the research study, we investigated the possibility of using the TRS as a respiration rate sensor in terms of accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability using a dummy. An analysis of the agreement between TRS and BIOPAC showed that the Type-3 sensor has a relatively high accuracy. In addition, an analysis of the TRS sensing results and actual respiration rate showed that the Type-1 sensor has relatively high accuracy. By comparing the reproducibility of TRS with BIOPAC, it was observed that BIOPAC had an overall higher reproducibility than TRS. By comparing the reproducibility according to type of TRS, the Type-2 sensor for slow respiration and the Type-1 sensor for normal respiration and fast respiration were observed to maintain relatively high reproducibility. Results of the TRS reliability analysis indicated that all TRS types showed high reliability over 0.900 ** (**. P <.01) at slow respiration, and that the Type-2 sensor showed a reliability higher than 0.900 ** (**. P <.01) at all speeds of respiration.
In part II of the research study, we investigated the possibility of using a TRS as a respiration rate sensor in terms of accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability for humans. An analysis of TRS and BIOPAC showed that Type-1 sensor has a relatively high accuracy. In addition, an analysis of TRS sensing results and actual respiration rates showed that Type-2 sensor has relatively high accuracy. A comparison of reproducibility between TRS and BIOPAC indicated that for high reproducibility, all three types of sensors were located at the center of the chest. By comparing the reproducibility according to the type of TRS, it was observed that Type-1 sensor was located at the side of the upper abdomen, Type-2 sensor was located at the center of the upper abdomen, and Type-3 sensor maintained relatively high reproducibility at the center of the chest.
Through TRS reliability analysis, it was observed that Type-1 sensor and the side position of the upper abdomen maintained their reliability at all speeds of respiration. In addition, the reliability of normal respiration and fast respiration was maintained using Type-2 sensor and the center of the chest, Type-2 sensor and the middle position of the upper abdomen, Type-2 sensor and the upper side position, Type-3 sensor and the middle position of the upper abdomen, and Type-3 sensor and the upper side of the upper abdomen. Based on the results of this study, the combination of speed of respiration, TRS type, and measurement position suitable for clothing was derived, and the design direction of the clothing was determined accordingly.