싱가포르 2017: 포스트-리콴유 시대의 도전과 과제 = Singapore 2017: Challenges and Prospects in the Post-Lee Kuan Yew Era

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2017년은 리콴유라는 구심점을 잃은 싱가포르의 여러 도전 과 제들이 부각된 한 해였다. 첫 여성 대통령이 탄생하였지만 국민들 은 새로 개정된 대통령 선출 방식에 대해 불만을 표출하였다. 리셴 룽 총리의 권력 남용 논란은 온 국민을 충격에 빠트렸으며, 집권당 은 차기 승계 구도에 대한 명확한 청사진을 제시하지 못했다. 경제 적으로는 보호무역주의 극복과 증세 압박에 놓였으며, 중국의 외 교 압박이 거세지면서 실용주의 외교의 실효성에 대한 의문이 제 기되었다. 리셴룽 총리의 9월 방중으로 중국과의 관계는 다소 회 복되었지만, 2018년 아세안 의장국으로서 미-중 사이에서 아세안 의 중심성을 이끌어야 하는 난제를 안게 되었다.
한편 사회문화적인 측면에서 2017년은 싱가포르 사회가 좀 더 성숙한 다인종, 다문화 사회로 나아가고, 서로의 다양성과 다름을 추구하는 한 해였다. 특히 할리마 야콥 대통령의 당선은 말레이계 이자 여성인 이중 약자가 대통령이 될 수 있다는 싱가포르의 통합 적인 면모를 상징적으로 내보일 수 있는 좋은 기회가 되기도 했다. 하지만 동시에 싱가포르 정부가 정치적 의도와 목적으로 주창하 는 ‘상징적’인 다양성이 아니라 실질적인 차원에서 소수 집단의 권익과 다양성이 인정되는 좀 더 통합적인 사회로 나아가야 함이 강조되는 계기도 되었다. 따라서 2018년 싱가포르 지도층은 후계 구도를 명확히 함으로써 현재 직면한 여러 도전 과제들을 풀어나 가려 할 것이며, 이를 통해 싱가포르 사회는 다인종, 다문화의 다 양성을 포용할 수 있는 보다 통합적인 사회로 나아갈 것이라고 전망된다.

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