Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS).
Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors.
Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision.
Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Parkes A, "Which behavioral, emotional and school problems in middle-childhood predict early sexual behavior?" 43 (43): 507-527, 2014

2 UNICF, "UNICEF data: monitoring the situation of children and women: Indonesia"

3 UNICEF, "The state of the world’s children 2016 statistical tables"

4 Kastbom ÅA, "Sexual debut before the age of 14 leads to poorer psychosocial health and risky behaviour in later life" 104 (104): 91-100, 2015

5 Pengpid S, "Sexual behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Brunei Darussalam" 20180028-, 2018

6 Pérez Fuentes MD, "Sensation-seeking and impulsivity as predictors of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescents" 7 : 1447-, 2016

7 Seidu AA, "Risky sexual behaviours among school-aged adolescents in Namibia : secondary data analyses of the 2013 Global school-based health survey" 2019

8 Ritchwood TD, "Risky sexual behavior and substance use among adolescents : a meta-analysis" 52 : 74-88, 2015

9 Peltzer K, "Risk and protective factors affecting sexual risk behavior among school-aged adolescents in Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu" 28 (28): 404-415, 2016

10 Hsu HY, "Relationships among sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents : cause-and-effect model testing" 12 (12): 124-134, 2015

11 Martin K., "Puberty, sexuality and the self: girls and boys at adolescence" Routledge 88-89, 2018

12 Leerlooijer JN, "Psychosocial correlates of the motivation to abstain from sexual intercourse among Indonesian adolescents" 19 (19): 74-82, 2014

13 Shayo FK, "Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents : an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications" 19 (19): 1285-, 2019

14 Wijaya MK, "Premarital sex behaviors of teenagers: a case in Bali, Indonesia" 2 (2): 11-21, 2018

15 Bingenheimer JB, "Peer influences on sexual activity among adolescents in Ghana" 46 (46): 1-19, 2015

16 Dittus PJ, "Parental monitoring and its associations with adolescent sexual risk behavior : a meta-analysis" 136 (136): e1587-e1599, 2015

17 Pilgrim NA, "Multiple sexual partnerships among female adolescents in rural Uganda : the effects of family structure and school attendance" 27 (27): 319-328, 2015

18 Okigbo CC, "Influence of parental factors on adolescents’ transition to first sexual intercourse in Nairobi, Kenya: a longitudinal study" 12 : 73-, 2015

19 Juárez-Portilla C, "Influence of drugs on cognitive functions. In: Bernal-Morales B, editor. Health and academic achievement" IntechOpen 59-82, 2018

20 National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), "Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017: adolescent reproductive health"

21 Furlanetto MF, "Individual and contextual factors associated with sexual initiation among adolescents" 32 (32): 25-, 2019

22 Paquette R, "Illicit drug use and its association with key sexual risk behaviours and outcomes : findings from Britain’s third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles(Natsal-3)" 12 (12): e0177922-, 2017

23 World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, "Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Indonesia report" 2014

24 Forman-Alberti A, "Facets of peer relationships and their associations with adolescent risk-taking behavior"

25 Hansen BT, "Early smoking initiation, sexual behavior and reproductive health - a large population-based study of Nordic women" 51 (51): 68-72, 2010

26 Peltzer K, "Early sexual debut and associated factors among in-school adolescents in six Caribbean countries" 64 (64): 351-356, 2015

27 Safitri S, "Diversity in unity: perspectives from psychology and behavioral sciences" Routledge 218-, 2018

28 Violita F, "Determinants of adolescent reproductive health service utilization by senior high school students in Makassar, Indonesia" 19 (19): 286-, 2019

29 Kumboyono K, "Community response to the initiation of smoking in Indonesian early adolescents : a qualitative study" 25 (25): 210-220, 2020

30 HowStuffWorks.Com Contributors, "Can adolescent development change according to culture and upbringing?"

31 Ministry of Health Indonesia, "Brief overview: HIV among adolescent and young key populations (aged 15-19 and 20-24) in Indonesia"

32 Tulloch T, "Adolescent sexuality" 34 (34): 29-38, 2013

33 Morris JL, "Adolescent sexual and reproductive health : the global challenges" 131 (131): S40-S42, 2015

34 Situmorang A, "Adolescent reproductive health services at Puskesmas : issues and challenges" 6 (6): 21-32, 2016

35 Ocviyanti D, "Aborsi di Indonesia" 68 (68): 213-215, 2018

36 Nevid JS, "Abnormal psychology in a changing world" Prentice Hall 145-147, 2011

37 Shashikumar R, "A cross-sectional study of factors associated with adolescent sexual activity" 54 (54): 138-143, 2012

38 Susanto T, "A community-based friendly health clinic : an initiative adolescent reproductive health project in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia" 3 (3): 371-378, 2016