아랍의 봄 이후 이슬람 정당이 직면한 변화와 도전에 대한 고찰: 모로코와 튀니지 이슬람 정당의 소외 정당에서 기성 정당으로의 변모 과정 = Changes and Challenges Facing Islamic Parties after the Arab Spring: Transformation of Tunisian and Moroccan Islamic Parties from Marginalized to Established Political Parties

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After the Arab Spring, the rise of Islamic parties has been one of main political change that countries in the Middle East and North Africa have experienced. Due to the uprisings, the existing authoritarian regimes were removed and public demand for political reform increased. In addition, Islamic parties emerged as a new political alternative because the Islamist movements were recognized as anti-government groups who were against political repression from authoritarian regimes. Therefore, many Islamic parties in countries such as Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco won the first elections after the Arab Spring. Except for Egypt, the Islamic parties sought to moderate their attitudes and ideologies to win the majority of votes in elections and become mainstream political parties. As the Islamic parties became the main political players, the citizens’ demand for Islamic parties to ignite political change increased. However, these parties failed to deliver their political promises to supporters and lost the recent elections in Tunisia and Morocco. Furthermore, Islamic parties face a dilemma between being a religious group and a popular political party. This study attempts to examine Islamic parties’ transformation from the perspective of excluded political groups becoming main political parties and contributes to the existing literature by exploring the political challenges faced by Islamic parties as they became moderate and dominant powers in established politics.