시간의식의 현상학과 신경과학: 인문학기반 융합연구로서의 신경현상학을 중심으로 = Phenomenology and Neuroscience of Time-Consciousness : Focusing on Neurophenomenology as Humanities-Based Convergence Research

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Rigorous methodology needs to be considered for productive humanities-based convergence research. Therefore, this article aims to present and evaluate an example of such methodology in the context of convergence research between phenomenology and cognitive science. This article presents Varela’s neurophenomenological research, which front-loads Husserl’s phenomenology of time-consciousness into neuroscience research and analyzes its significance, limitations, and implications for humanities-based convergence research. Through dynamic theory, Varela’s study links the phenomenological analysis of the field of presence as a structure of retention - primal impression - protention to the biological basis of brain activity. According to this study, while brain activity occurs on three temporal scales—elementary, integrative, and narrative scale, the integrative scale corresponds to the field of presence. The significance of this neurophenomenology is that it provides a medium for explaining time-consciousness and bridges the explanatory gap regarding the difficult problem of consciousness. On the other hand, this study has some limitations as it is difficult to explain ‘consciousness of time’ with ‘time of consciousness’ and what it provides cannot be more than the isomorphism between experience and neural processes. Furthermore, the implications of this study for humanities-based convergence research are that humanities should maintain its ideas and methodology and that humanities can serve to lay the theoretical foundation for science.