The German churches under Hitler : background, struggle, and epilogue

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = 11
• BACKGROUND
• 1. The Protestant Churches before 1918
• The Establishment of State Control = 17
• The Land Churches and Smaller Denominations = 23
• The Synods and Interchurch Cooperation = 30
• Church Membership and Church Life = 36
• 2. The Catholic Church before 1918
• The Catholic Princes and the Counter-Reformation = 43
• State Control of the Church = 44
• The Impact of the French Revolution = 46
• The Reorganization of Dioceses = 48
• Church-State Controversies = 50
• Monastic Orders and Other Organizations = 55
• The Church at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century = 59
• 3. The Constitutional Framework of the Land Churches under the Weimar Republic
• The Overthrow of the Princes = 61
• The Weimar Constitution = 63
• The New Land Church Constitutions = 66
• Establishment of the German Evangelical Church Confederation = 69
• 4. Church Life in Protestant Churches during the Weimar Republic
• Church Finances and Schools = 75
• Diverse Movements within the Churches = 76
• Inner Life of the Churches = 81
• The German Evangelical Church Confederation = 86
• Free Churches and Sects = 89
• 5. The Catholic Church under the Weimar Republic
• The Center Party and the Weimar Constitution = 95
• The Position of the Church in the Postwar Era = 97
• Church Life and Organizations = 102
• The Negotiation of Agreements with the Vatican = 103
• STRUGGLE
• 6. Early National Socialism and the Churches
• The Weimar Heritage = 121
• The Party and the Churches = 123
• The German Christians and Prussian Church Elections = 126
• Hitler Becomes Chancellor = 128
• 7. The Establishment of the German Evangelical Church
• Plans for a Church Constitution = 133
• The Choice of a Reich Bishop = 135
• The New Constitution and Church Elections = 140
• Reorganization in the Land Churches = 143
• The Establishment of the Pastors' Emergency League = 146
• Crisis among the German Christians = 148
• Towards a Restoration of Order = 153
• 8. The First Confessing Synods and the Confessing Church
• Bishop Moller's New Policies = 157
• Free Synods and Plans for a Confessing Church = 159
• Barmen and the Development of the Confessing Church = 162
• 9. Gleichschaltung and Recurrent Crises
• Gleichschaltung and Attacks on Church Leaders = 169
• The First Provisional Church Directory = 175
• The Third Synod of the Confessing Church = 181
• The Establishment of the Ministry of Church Affairs = 184
• The Evangelical Weeks = 187
• 10. The Era of the Church Committees
• Kerrl's Appointment of Church Committees = 189
• The Reaction of the Churches = 191
• The Fourth Synod of the Confessing Church = 195
• The Establishment of the Luther Council = 196
• The End of the Church Committees = 198
• 11. Unrest in the Protestant Churches, 1937-39
• The Calling of Church Elections = 207
• Regrouping of the German Christians = 209
• New State Administrative Orders = 210
• Efforts to Deconfessionalize the Party = 217
• Further Harassment of the Churches = 222
• The Oxford World Conference = 223
• The Oath of Loyalty and the Prayer for Peace = 227
• Further Attempts at a Church-State Settlement = 232
• 12. The Catholic Church and the Accession of Hitler
• The Bishops' Statement = 237
• Negotiation of the Reich Concordat = 240
• Terms of the Concordat = 246
• Ratification and Evaluation = 250
• 13. Interpreting the Concordat
• The Background of Discussions = 257
• The Opening Round = 262
• Negotiations with the German Episcopate = 266
• Papal Rejection of the June Agreement = 269
• Hitler's Reaction and Sharpening Conflict = 271
• 14. The Catholic Church Conflict, 1935-39
• The Bishops and the German Government = 275
• Vatican-Reich Negotiations = 277
• The Encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge = 279
• Plans for a New Settlement = 283
• Conflict Intensifies = 286
• Hitler Moves toward War = 296
• 15. The Protestant Churches and the Outbreak of War
• Official Wartime Policy = 303
• The Spiritual Confidential Council = 304
• The Impact of War on the Clergy = 306
• Growing Party Indifference to the Churches = 308
• The Euthanasia Program = 310
• 16. The Protestant Churches and Wartime Restrictions
• Limitations on Pastoral Work = 317
• Restrictions on Religious Education = 319
• Interference with Church Customs and Holidays = 321
• Confiscations of Church Property and Financial Controls = 323
• Racial Policies = 326
• 17. The Protestant Churches and the End of the War
• Bishop Wurm and Church Unification = 333
• The Last Confessing Synods = 335
• The Last Gasps of the German Christians = 336
• The Warthegau : Pattern for the Future? = 339
• The Churches and the Political Opposition Movement = 343
• 18. The Catholic Church during the War
• The Unity of the Church = 347
• The War and the Concordat = 350
• The Impact of War on the Clergy = 352
• Monastic Foundations = 358
• Racial Policies and the Hierarchy = 361
• Political Resistance = 366
• 19.The Free and Other Traditional Churches
• The Position of the Smaller Churches = 369
• Various Churches and Groups = 374
• The Postwar Period = 387
• 20. Sects and Other Societies
• Nazi Antisectarian Policies = 389
• Individual Sects and Organizations = 392
• The Postwar Period = 409
• EPILOGUE
• 21. The Protestant Churches in Postwar Germany
• The Reestablishment of the Historic Land Churches = 413
• The Provisional Council for the Evangelical Church in Germany = 418
• The Constitution of the Evangelical Church in Germany = 421
• Partnership between Church and State = 427
• Cooperation in Church Activities = 429
• Unity and Division = 432
• 22. The Catholic Church in Postwar Germany
• Immediate Issues Confronting the Church = 443
• The Shortage of Clergy and the Catholic Educational Deficit = 448
• Church Organizations and Church Life = 451
• The Church and the Lands in the Federal Republic = 456
• The Church in the German Democratic Republic = 460
• 23. Survey and Evaluation = 463
• Notes = 471
• Bibliography = 577
• Index = 601
• MAPS
• Religious Confessions in Germany, 1648 = 22
• The German Empire, 1871-1918 = 58
• Germany, 1946 = 417