Application of Program Theory and Logic Model to Evaluate Immunization Disparity Program for Children under 3 Years

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health policymakers are adopting new policies regarding theissue of immunization disparities, especially for children in low-income communities of color who lack awareness and thereby accessto vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation framework using program theory-based evaluation approach andlogic model to analyze and evaluate the immunization disparities in children aged 19–35 months. Data is collected from New York Citydepartment of Health and the U.S. Census Bureau for Northern Manhattan Start Right Coalition program which consists of 19,800children, and the community-provider partnership includes 26 practices and 20 groups. Program theory is used to evaluate thiscommunity-based initiative with the logic model which is a visual depiction that illustrations the program theory to all stakeholders.
The logic model highlights the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the program to guide to planners andevaluators and to call attention to the inadequacies or flaws in the operational, implementation and service delivery process of theprogram in offering a new perspective on the program. This framework adds to the literature on evaluations of immunizationdisparities in determining whether evaluators can definitively attribute positive immunization outcomes in the community to theprogram and conclude whether it has potential in expanding or duplicating it to other similar settings, especially in other rural areasof the United States, and abroad, where routine immunization equity gaps are wide due to income, racial and ethnic diversity, andlanguage barrier.

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