1 Smith, "Writing and Sexuality in Hawthorne’s Fiction" 1984
2 Crew, "The Sin of The Father" 1966
3 Waggoner, "The Presence of Hawthorne" 1979
4 Chase,Richard, "The American Novel and Its Tradition" Doubleday 1957
5 Michael J, "New Essay on The Scarlet Letter" 1985
6 Dryden,Edgar, "Nathaniel Hawthorne; The Poetics of Enchantment" Cornell UP 1977
7 Male,Roy, "Hawthorne’s Tragic Vision" Norton 1954
8 Fogle,Richard, "Hawthorne’s Fiction; The Light and the Dark" U of Oklahoma P 1964
9 Donohue,Agnes, "Hawthorne; Calvin’s Ironic Stepchild" The Kent UP 1985
10 Hutner,Gordon, ".Secrets and Sympathy:Forms of Disclosure in Hawthorne’s Novels" U of Georgia 1988
1 Smith, "Writing and Sexuality in Hawthorne’s Fiction" 1984
2 Crew, "The Sin of The Father" 1966
3 Waggoner, "The Presence of Hawthorne" 1979
4 Chase,Richard, "The American Novel and Its Tradition" Doubleday 1957
5 Michael J, "New Essay on The Scarlet Letter" 1985
6 Dryden,Edgar, "Nathaniel Hawthorne; The Poetics of Enchantment" Cornell UP 1977
7 Male,Roy, "Hawthorne’s Tragic Vision" Norton 1954
8 Fogle,Richard, "Hawthorne’s Fiction; The Light and the Dark" U of Oklahoma P 1964
9 Donohue,Agnes, "Hawthorne; Calvin’s Ironic Stepchild" The Kent UP 1985
10 Hutner,Gordon, ".Secrets and Sympathy:Forms of Disclosure in Hawthorne’s Novels" U of Georgia 1988
11 Allder,Ted Lewis, ".Nathaniel’s Major Romances:Hoping Against Hope" Sourthern Illinois University 1992