전신진동운동의 자세 안정성 및 뇌 활성화에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is a global population disparity for age. This population imbalance can affect the economic sector and future human resource construction as the age group of the producing population is smaller than that of the elderly. In addition, aging, which can be considered one of the causes of population imbalance, causes problems not only from the economic point of view mentioned above, but also from the social point of view related to intergenerational conflict and the formation of the identity of the elderly.
Aging decreases the quality of life and mental health due to the decline in cognitive and physical functions. In the elderly, balance ability, digestive function, and lower limb muscle strength may decrease with aging. Such a decrease in digestive function may lead to a decrease in physical functions, daily living ability, and quality of life. The decline in physical function is closely related to the decline in cognitive function and quality of life. In addition, decline in cognitive function due to aging in the elderly may cause a decrease in daily life ability and nutritional status, and a decrease in daily life ability in the elderly may cause depression.
WBV(Whole body vibration) stimuli is an stimuli method that has similar effects to resistance exercise and aerobic exercise that can improve physical and cognitive functions of the elderly due to aging. Most domestic and foreign whole body vibration studies deal with changes in postural stability and physical function through WBV stimuli. However, the analysis of improvement of postural stability and brain activation through whole body vibration and exercise stimuli using physiological signals is insignificant. Therefore, this study aims to propose an efficient one-course training protocol for the elderly in the future by evaluating the effects of whole body vibration and exercise interventions on postural stability and brain activation. In addition, this study aims to compare and analyze physiological signals according to exercise types to propose guidelines for improving postural stability and brain activation according to WBV stimuli methods.
The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the postural stability and brain activation of WBV stimuli by presence of exercise. First, this study was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of whole body vibration stimuli. Subjects consisted of 37 subjects (20 elderly and 17 young adults). The vibration used in the study was frequency of 30Hz and intensity of 20. The Exercise used in the first study was squat posture with a knee flexion of 60∘. The subjects according to the presence or absence of exercise were classified into the WBVSt (Whole body vibration with standing) group performing the above-mentioned standing posture, and the WBVSq (Whole body vibration with squat) group performing the squat posture. In the case of the WBVSq group, knee flexion and extension were repeated every 2 seconds. The EMG(electromyogram) electrode attachment locations for evaluating muscle strength consisted of left and right ES(Erectus spinae), RF(Rectus femoris), VLO(Vastus lateralis oblique) muscles, VMO(Vastus medialis oblique) muscles and TA(Tibialis anterior). The EEG(electroencephalogsram) electrode attachment locations for evaluating brain activation consisted of F3 and F4, F7, F8, Cz, C3, C4, T3, T4, T5, T6, P3, P4, O1 and O2. In this study, TUG(Timed Up and Go) test was performed to evaluate postural stability. In addition, MMSE-DS (Mini-mental state examination for dementia screening) was performed to observe the possibility of maintaining cognitive function in the elderly.
Second, this study was conducted to evaluate the repetitive effects of whole body vibration stimuli. Subjects consisted of 15 elderly subjects aged 65 years or older. The vibrations used in the study were frequencies of 20Hz and 30Hz, and intensity of 30. The exercise used in the second study consisted of a squat held for 6 seconds each for knee extension and flexion. Subjects according to the type of exercise were classified into the WBVSt group and the WBVSq group performing the squat posture. The EMG electrode attachment locations for muscle strength evaluation consisted of the right RF, BF(Biceps femoris), TA and GM(Gastrocnemius medialis). The EEG electrode attachment sites to assess brain activation consisted of F3 and F4, C3, C4, P3, P4. In this study, TUG test, LOS(Limit of stability) test were performed to assess postural stability. We also performed a computerized MMSE-DS to observe the possibility of maintaining cognitive function along with brain activation.
As a result of acute evaluation of postural stability and brain activation in elderly and young adults, it was found that WBV stimuli affects postural stability and brain activation. In the case of postural stability, it was confirmed that both elderly and young adults improved through WBV intervention. However, in the case of the elderly, postural stability was found to be more effective when whole body vibration and squat were used in parallel. In case of muscle strength, when the WBV and squat exercise were combined, the elderly showed greater muscle activation in the right VMO muscle than young adults during the weight-bearing process. In the case of brain activation, activation in the frontal lobe, central region and parietal lobe of the elderly was improved. In addition, in the case of the elderly, significant differences in brain activation according to the type of exercise were observed in the parietal lobe. In the case of cognitive function, significant maintenance of cognitive function due to whole body vibration stimuli was observed in the elderly.
As a result of performing whole-body vibration and exercise for the elderly 65 years or older for 4 weeks, it was found that postural stability and lower extremity muscle strength can be significantly improved through WBV with exercise. In particular, when the 30Hz frequency was used, the postural stability and lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly were significantly improved. However, cognitive function and brain activation were more effective when 20Hz frequency was used than 30Hz.
From the above results, this study found that WBV stimuli is effective in improving postural stability, physical function, and brain activation in elderly.

Thus, WBV with exercise can be regarded as an alternative training method for elderly people who cannot conduct intensive exercise. So, further research considering postural stability and brain activation should be conducted to develop more specific WBV with exercise programs for elderly people who suffer from degenerative or chronic diseases.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 1
• 1.2 연구 동향 3
• 1.3 연구 목적 및 내용 8
• 제 2 장 이론적 배경 8
• 2.1. 뇌 시스템 8
• 2.2. 자세 안정성 12
• 제 3 장 시스템 구성 23
• 3.1 전신진동운동 기기 23
• 3.2 뇌파 측정 시스템 25
• 3.3 근전도 측정 시스템 26
• 3.4 전산화 신경인지기능검사 시스템 27
• 3.5 자세 균형 평가 시스템 29
• 제 4 장 실험 방법 및 결과 31
• 4.1 일회성 전신진동운동이 자세안정성 및 뇌 활성화에 미치는 영향 31
• 4.1.1 피험자 선정 31
• 4.1.2 실험 절차 33
• 4.1.3 평가 및 분석 방법 35
• 4.1.4 통계 처리 37
• 4.1.5 실험 결과 37
• 4.2 4주 동안 반복성 전신진동운동이 자세안정성 및 뇌 활성화에 미치는 영향 53
• 4.2.1 피험자 선정 53
• 4.2.2 실험 절차 54
• 4.2.3 평가 및 분석 방법 57
• 4.2.4 통계 처리 59
• 4.2.5 실험 결과 59
• 제 5 장 고 찰 71
• 제 6 장 결 론 78
• 참고 문헌 79
• 연구 실적 93