This study aimed to identify the influence of the awareness of good death, knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions, and perception of nurses’ roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment on the importance of nursing activities for p...
This study aimed to identify the influence of the awareness of good death, knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions, and perception of nurses’ roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment on the importance of nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment among intensive care unit(ICU) nurses working at a tertiary general hospital in U Metropolitan City. The purpose of this study was to provide foundational data for developing educational materials and nursing intervention protocols aimed at enhancing care for patients who have decided to discontinue life-sustaining treatment in clinical settings.
Data collection for this study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires between September 2 and September 20, 2024, following approval from the Institutional Review Board. A total of 188 ICU nurses participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of tools on the characteristics of ICU nurses (general characteristics and characteristics related to withdraw life-sustaining treatment), awareness of good death, knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions, perception of nurses’ roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, and nursing activities in the ICU for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. The collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 program, applying frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression.
The results of this study are as follows.
1. The average score of the ICU nurses’ awareness of good death was 2.98±0.31 out of 4 points. The average score of their knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions was 15.51±2.65 out of 21 points. The average score for their perception of nurses’ roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment was 4.06±0.41 out of 5 points.
2. The changes in frequency of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment revealed that, among the 44 items, the greatest decrease in frequency occurred in physical nursing at 12.7% (22.2 people), followed by emotional nursing at 6.1% (10.7 people), social nursing and spiritual nursing at 1.3% (2.3 people). Conversely, the greatest increase in activity frequency was the social nursing at 35.4% (62 people), followed by spiritual nursing at 31.4% (55 people), emotional nursing at 14.9% (26 people), and physical nursing at 6.1% (10.6 people).
3. The changes in the importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment revealed that, among the 44 items, the areas that revealed a decrease in importance were physical nursing (t = 10.87, p < .001) and emotional nursing (t = 2.84, p = .005). Conversely, the areas that showed an increase in importance were spiritual nursing (t=-4.57, p<.001) and social nursing (t=-4.72, p<.001).
4. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall awareness of good death based on general characteristics and factors related to withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment among ICU nurses. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the sub-factor of clinical symptoms according to the clinical career in ICU(t=3.13, p=.046). Statistically significant differences in the knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions-making were identified based on age(t=-1.98, p=.049), marital status(t=-2.84, p=.005), and highest level of education(t=-2.23, p=.027). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the perception of nurses' roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on the current workplace(t=2.42, p=.037). Lastly, the changes in the importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment showed statistically significant differences based on total clinical career (t=6.62, p=.002) and clinical career in ICU (t=8.49, p<.001).
5. In the correlation analysis examining the relationships between ICU nurses' awareness of good death, knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions, perception of nurses' roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, and the importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment, the importance of ICU nursing activities revealed a statistically significant positive correlation with the perception of nurses' roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (r=.29, p<.001).
6. The factors influencing the importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment were the perception of nurses' roles in withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (β=.26, p=.001) and clinical career in ICU (β=-.33, p=.002). These variables explained 14.8% of the variance in the perceived importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment.
This study identified that the factors influencing the importance of ICU nursing activities for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment were the perception of nurses' roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and clinical career in ICU among the general characteristics. Therefore, to provide effective nursing care for patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment in the ICU, it is essential to implement systematic education programs on life-sustaining treatment discontinuation and end-of-life care, considering the differences in the importance of nursing activities based on clinical career in ICU. Furthermore, it is imperative to develop protocols for the nursing care of patients who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Such protocols will help ensure efficiency, consistency, and quality improvement in end-of-life care.
Keywords: Intensive care unit nurses, Awareness of good death, Knowledge of life-sustaining treatment decisions, Perception of nurses' roles in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, ICU nursing activities for patients withdrawing life-sustaining treatment