중국 환경문제에 대한 재인식 -경제발전과 환경보호의 딜레마- = A New Understanding on Environmental Problems in China -Dilemma between Economic Development and Environmental Protection-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China has achieved great economic growth above 9% annual since it changed to more of a market economy system by its reform and open-door policy. At the same time, China has experienced severe ecological deterioration, such as air and water pollutions caused by its rapid urbanization and industrialization. China is now confronted with environmental pollution and ecological deterioration at a critical point, at which economic development in China is limited. Moreover, environmental problems in China have become a lit fuse for social fluctuation beyond pollution problems. The root and background of environmental problems in China, firstly, are its government`s lack of understanding of these problems and incorrect economic policies affected by political and ideological prejudice. Secondly, the plundering of resources, ‘the principle of development first’ which didn`t consider environmental sustainability is another source of environmental deterioration in China. In addition, a huge population and poverty in China have increased the difficulty in solving its environmental problems, and in fact have accelerated them. The Chinese government has established many environmental laws and institutions, increased environmental investments, and is enlarging the participation of NGOs and the general public in some limited scale to solve its environmental problems. However, it has not obtained effective results because of the lack of environmental investments owing to the government`s limit of the development phase, a structural limit of law enforcement and local protectionism, and the limit of political independency in NGOs and the lack of public participation in China. It seems that China remains in the stage of ‘economic development first, environmental protection second’, contrary to its catch-phrase of ‘the harmony between economic development and environmental protection’. China is now confronted with dual pressure both domestically and abroad because of deepening environmental problems. There are growing public`s protests and demonstrations in China in response to the spread of damage owing to environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. On the other hand, international society, in particular neighboring countries, regard China as a principal cause of ecological disaster. In the face of this dual pressure, China is presently contemplating a ‘recycling economy’ that helps sustainable development through the structural reform of industries using too much energy and through more severe law enforcement than now. Therefore, it is desirable to promote regional cooperation more progressively and practically in the direction of building China`s ability to solve environmental problems.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 원동욱, "황사문제와 동북아 환경협력 이익 그리고 지식의 상호작용연구" 27 (27): 63-98, 2003

2 이희옥, "중국의 국가전략 :전면적 소강사회론’을 중심으로" 21 (21): 1-29, 2005

3 世界銀行, "碧水藍天: 展望二十一世紀的中國環境" 中國統計出版社 1997

4 劉大椿, "環境問題: 從中日比較與合作的觀點看" 中國統計出版社 1995

5 馬晨明, "環境保護與經濟發展" 金融時報 2005.5

6 解振華, "構建新時期環境保護戰略" 2005.6

7 "曲格平和莫里斯斯特朗對話錄" 2005

8 王健民忠, "我企的展及其境染防治策" 2005.10

9 曹新, "協調人口與資源環境的關係: 中國人口未來的可持續發展硏究" 2005

10 國家環境保護總局敎育部, "全國公衆環境意識調査報告 北京" 中國環境科學出版社 1991

11 吉娜, "企境染及治理" 2003

12 人民日報, "人民日報 2005. 12. 14." 2005

13 人民日報, "人民日報 2005. 10. 29." 2005

14 人民日報, "人民日報 2001. 6. 7." 2001

15 夏光, "中日環境政策比較硏究" 中國環境科學出版社 2000

16 中國靑年報, "中國靑年報 2006. 1. 25." 2006

17 中華人民共和國國家統計局, "中國統計年鑑(2005)" 中國統計出版社 2005

18 中國環境監測總站, "中國生態環境質量評價硏究" 中國統計出版社 2004

19 中國靑年報, "中國環境報 2005. 8. 16." 2005

20 中國靑年報, "中國環境報 2005. 3. 30." 2005

21 中國環境報, "中國環境報 2005. 2. 2." 2005

22 愛華, "中國環境保護法治理論與實踐" 法律出版社 2003

23 魯煥生高紅貴, "中國環保投資的現狀及分析" 中南財經政法大學學報 2004

24 國際環境與發展學院中國項目辦公室, "中國公衆環境意識報告" 經濟科學出版社 250-260, 2002

25 UNDP, "中國人類發展報告2002: 綠色發展 必選之路" 中國財政經濟出版社 2002

26 胡鞍鋼, "中國: 新發展觀" 2004

27 "http://www.fon.org.cn/index.php?id=5117 (검색일: 2005. 12. 12)" 2005

28 "http://www.eedu.org.cn/news/envir/homenews/200508/6064.html (검색일: 2005. 12. 21)" 2005

29 "http://www.chinasurvey.com.cn/freereport/huanbao.htm (검색일: 2005. 10. 12)" 2005

30 "http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-11/29/content_3849956.htm (검색일: 2005. 12. 22)" 2005

31 "http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2005/Table2_5.htm (검색일: 2006 .2. 13)" 2006

32 "http://business.sohu.com/20050601/n225788199.shtml (검색일: 2005. 12. 2)" 2005

33 Whiting, "The politics of NGO development in China" ntas 2 : 16-48, 1991

34 Jennifer, T, "Seeking Voice for Pollution Victims in China : Challenges and Opportunities for Procedural Equity in Environmental Conflict Resolution" 2003

35 Wu, F, "New Partners or Old Brothers? GONGOs in Transnational Environmental Advocacy in China" 45-58, 2002

36 O’Connor, "Managing the Environment with Rapid Industrialization Lessons from the East Asian Experience" OECD 1994

37 Jonathan, S, "Environmental NGOs in China: Roles and Limits" Pacific Affairs Spring 2004

38 Yang, G, "Environmental NGOs and Institutional Dynamics in China" 181 : 46-66, 2005

39 World Health Organization, "Environment and People's Health in China" 2001

40 Qiusha, M, "Defining Chinese nongovernmental organizations" 13 (13): 113-130, 2002

41 The World Bank, "China: Air, Land, and Water 2001" 2001

42 Yonemoto, H, "A Comparative Study on Environment Policy Development Processes in the Three East Asian Countries: Japan, Korea, and China" 1 : 39-67, 1999

43 國家環境保護總局, "2004年中國環境狀況公報" 2004

44 中國能源發展報告-編輯委員會, "2003 中國能源發展報告" 中國計量出版社 2003