노인이란 무엇인가?: 인간종에 대한 탐구를 위한 시론 = Who are elders?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간종(human kinds)의 본성은 다양한 사회적, 정치적 이슈와 맟물리며 최근 학계에서 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서 필자는 인간종의 한 사례로서 노인 범주에 대한 철학적 탐구를 시도할 것이다. 필자가 노인 범주에 주목하는 이유는 그것의 단순성과 함께 노인 범주가 흑인, 백인, 동양인과 같은 인종 관련 범주나 남성, 여성과 같은 성 관련 범주와 상당한 유사성을 갖기 때문이다. 노인 범주에 관한 필자의 핵심 주장은 비록 우리가 일상 생활에서 노인 범주를 가리키기 위하여 ‘노인’이라는 단일한 용어를 사용하지만 실상 서로 상이한 성격을 갖는 두 가지의 노인 범주가 존재한다는 것이다. 그 하나는 자연종으로서의 노인 범주이고 다른 하나는 사회종, 그 중에서도 제도종으로서의 노인 범주이다. 이 두 노인 범주를 구분하며 그 둘 각각의 성격을 명확히 규명하고, 아울러 그 둘의 차이를 분명히 서술하는 것이 본 논문의 주요 목적이다. 노인 범주에 대한 본 논문의 연구는 추후 인간종 일반에 대한 철학적 탐구에 유용한 발판으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We have witnessed a growing interest in the nature of human kinds among philosophers. This paper is a philosophical investigation into the category of eldlers as an example of human kind. What is special about the category of eldlers? Among other things, it is simple compared with other human categories. Further, there are a number of remarkable similarity between the category of elders and other philosophically or social-scientifically important categories such as race (white, black) and gender (man and woman). The upshot is that while we use the single term of ‘노인’ in referring to the category of elders, as a matter of fact, there are two fundamentally distinct categories of elders. One of them is a natural kind and the other is a social kind, more precisely, an institutional kind. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the natue of each of the two categories of elders and their difference. This will lay the foundation for further inquiries into other human kinds.

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