Memory and technology : how we use information in the brain and the world

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part Ⅰ Empirical Report (The Present)
• 1 Introduction and Method = 3
• Introduction = 3
• Method = 7
• Participants = 7
• Design and Materials = 9
• Procedure = 10
• References = 11
• 2 Results : Attitudes and Beliefs About Internal and External Memory = 15
• Data Cleaning and Scoring = 15
• Attitudes and Beliefs : Internal Memory = 16
• Attitudes and Beliefs : External Memory = 18
• Attitudes and Beliefs : Interplay Between Internal and External Memory = 21
• References = 23
• 3 Results : Behaviors and Experiences with Internal and External Memory = 25
• Behaviors and Experiences : Internal Memory = 25
• Behaviors and Experiences : External Memory = 25
• General Use = 26
• Everyday／Low-Tech Strategies = 28
• Specific Forms of External Memory = 29
• Taking Notes = 31
• External Memory Retrieval Failures = 32
• Information Use and Management = 33
• Emotions and Cues = 35
• Passwords = 36
• Phone Numbers = 37
• Backup = 40
• Social Media and Social Use of Memory = 41
• Cameras and Photos = 43
• References = 45
• 4 Results : The Interplay Between Internal and External Memory = 49
• Qualitative Data on the Interplay Between Internal and External Memory = 49
• Internal Memory : Relative Strengths and Uses = 50
• External Memory : Relative Strengths and Uses = 52
• Internal Versus External Memory = 54
• Symbiosis of Internal and External Memory = 56
• Changes in the Interplay Between Internal and External Memory = 59
• Correlations = 62
• Composite Variables = 62
• Age = 64
• Sex = 66
• Unease About Reliance on Technology = 67
• Personal Characteristics = 67
• Other Variables = 68
• References = 70
• Part Ⅱ Literature Review (The Past)
• 5 Theoretical Perspectives from Across Psychology = 75
• Transactive Memory = 75
• Metacognition (Metamemory) = 78
• Exograms = 81
• Prospective Memory = 83
• Working Memory = 85
• Human Factors = 88
• Cognitive Rehabilitation and Other Clinical Practices = 91
• Offloading Beyond Memory = 93
• References = 93
• 6 Theoretical Perspectives from Other Disciplines = 103
• Philosophy of Mind = 103
• Dynamic Systems = 105
• Personal Information Management = 106
• Library and Information Science = 110
• Media and Cultural Studies = 112
• Photography = 113
• Collective Memory = 116
• Anthropology and Archaeology = 119
• References = 123
• Part Ⅲ Discussion and Guide for Research (The Future)
• 7 A Framework and Methods for Researching the Interplay of Internal and External Memory = 139
• Summary of Results from the Current Study = 139
• Framework for Interplay of Internal and External Memory = 140
• Limitations of the Current Study = 142
• Methods for Studying External Memory = 144
• Surveys = 144
• Experiments = 145
• Developmental Methods = 145
• Content Analysis = 146
• Ethnography = 147
• Experience Sampling = 148
• Data from Beyond Academic Research = 148
• References = 150
• 8 Important Dimensions and Unanswered Questions = 155
• Important Dimensions of External Memory = 155
• Dimensions Proposed by Others = 155
• Dimensions We Propose for Further Research = 157
• Other Research Questions = 165
• When and Why Do People Use External Memory? = 165
• How Can We Measure and／or Manipulate the Cost or Effort of Using External Memory? = 166
• How Do People Metacognitively Monitor and Control Their Use of External Memory? = 167
• Is the Objective Accuracy of External Memory Perhaps Overstated? = 167
• Backup Practices = 168
• Prospective Memory = 168
• Measurement and Operationalization = 168
• Developmental Questions = 169
• Classifying and Keeping Up with External Memory Technology = 169
• Is Technology Making Memory Worse? = 170
• Conclusion = 172
• References = 173
• Appendix A : Complete Text of Questionnaire = 181
• Appendix B : Questions Adapted from Other Studies = 189
• Appendix C : Coding of Qualitative Data from Open-Ended Questions = 191
• Author Index = 201
• Subject Index = 211