『승정원일기』 입시 기사와 대화 내용의 문서화 = The Documentation of the King’s Discussion with the Subjects in the Records of Sŭngjŏngwŏnilgi

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sŭngjŏngwŏnilgi is a chronicle of the records of words, writings, and conducts of the king and the subjects during the Chosŏn period, compiled by Sŭngjŏngwŏn (The Royal Secretariat). As for the dialogues between the king and the subject, the Chusŏ (注書) who attended that meeting used to take notes of them and later transcribed them in the Sŭngjŏngwŏnilgi. The dialogues that need to be documented and made public were produced as documents. Such documents were sorted by four categories depending on different processes of the decision making. Such four categories were as following: T’apchŏnjŏn’gyo (榻前傳敎), T’apchŏnhagyo (榻前下敎), T’apchŏnjŏngt’al (榻前定奪), and Kŏhaengjogŏn (擧行條件).
T’apchŏnjŏn’gyo (榻前傳敎) is the document that recorded the direct order (jŏn’gyo) from the king by Sŭngji (承旨), when the king made the order with his subjects attended. There were two kinds of jŏn’gyo (傳敎). The first jŏn’gyo was the record reproduced by Sŭngji when the one was absent and thereby the king transmit it to Sŭngjŏngwŏn through Saal (司謁) or Sŭngjŏnsaek (承傳色) in the form of a document. The other was the record directly produced by Sŭngji by taking down the king’s statements when Sŭngji was present with the king. The former was called Bimanggi (備忘記), and the latter was called T’apchŏnjŏn’gyo.
T’apchŏnhagyo (榻前下敎) is the document of king’s order (hagyo) that Sŭngji summarized the king’s statement in the form of an indirect quote, when the subjects were present with the king. There were two kinds of hagyo. The first was the record reproduced by Sŭngji when the one was absent and thereby the king transmit it to Sŭngjŏngwŏn through Saal or Sŭngjŏnsaek as a form of a document or verbal notice. The other was the document directly produced by Sŭngji by summarizing the king’s instruction when Sŭngji was present with the king. The former was called Kujŏnhagyo (口傳下敎), and the latter was called T’apchŏnhagyo.
T’apchŏnjŏngt’al (榻前定奪) is the document produced when the king made a decision by following his subject’s suggestion. The Sŭngji wrote the document by summarizing the king’s decision in the form of an indirect quote. On the contrary, T’apchŏnhagyo is the document that directly took down the king’s unilateral order. As such, T’apchŏnjŏngt’al differs from T’apchŏnhagyo in that it was a product of the king’s acceptance of the subject’s suggestion. Therefore, Sŭngji used two different expressions (T’apchŏnjŏngt’al, T’apchŏnhagyo) by distinguishing those two different contexts behind the king’s decisions, even when both of the decisions were dealing with the same issue.
Kŏhaengjogŏn (擧行條件) is the document produced when there were issues that regional officials and court officials should be informed of during the discussion between the king and the subjects. It was produced by Chusŏ and went through the process of the king’s authorization. While T’apchŏnjŏngt’al was written with an indirect quote of the summary of the king’s decisions, Kŏhaengjogŏn differed from T’apchŏnjŏngt’al in that it directly quotes the dialogue between the king and the subjects relatively in detail. Also, when Chusŏ leaves his seat and write the Kŏhaengjogŏn, he asked to confirm the words of those who discussed the issue by sending a letter to them. Kŏhaengjogŏn used to be published and proclaimed in the official gazette (朝報), but not all of them.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 趙斗淳, "六典條例" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1999

2 이강욱, "조선후기 臣民의 上達文書에 대한 국왕의 判付 방식" 한국고문서학회 56 : 1-52, 2020

3 김병구, "조선후기 筵席에서의 왕명 시행 체제 연구 : 擧行條件을 중심으로" 한국학중앙연구원 2019

4 김병구, "조선후기 擧行條件의 고문서학적 考察" 한국고문서학회 54 : 169-206, 2019

5 이근호, "조선후기 口傳下敎의 下達 體系와 개편" 한국고문서학회 54 : 207-231, 2019

6 노인환, "조선시대 유서 연구" 한국학중앙연구원 한국학대학원 2009

7 이근호, "조선시대 국왕의 備忘記 연구" 한국고문서학회 44 : 1-29, 2014

8 이근호, "조선 후기 擧行條件의 制定과 承政院의 역할" 규장각한국학연구원 (49) : 75-102, 2016

9 명경일, "정조대 傳敎軸을 통해 본 『承政院日記』의 문서 謄錄 체계" 한국고문서학회 44 : 77-116, 2014

10 "高麗史節要"

11 "高麗史"

12 최승희, "韓國古文書硏究" 지식산업사 1995

13 承政院, "銀臺條例" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 2000

14 承政院, "銀臺便攷" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 2000

15 金在魯, "續大典" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1998

16 崔恒, "經國大典" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1997

17 김경숙, "消息의 의미와 文書名" 한국고문서학회 25 : 291-301, 2004

18 "朝鮮王朝實錄" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원

19 蔡 沈, "書經集傳" 학민문화사 1990

20 柳本藝, "日省錄凡例"

21 "日省錄" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원

22 陶宗儀, "文淵閣 『四庫全書』" 上海人民出版社⋅迪志文化出版有限公司 2002

23 李昉, "文淵閣 『四庫全書』" 上海人民出版社⋅迪志文化出版有限公司 2002

24 承政院, "政院故事"

25 "承政院日記" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원

26 金致仁, "大典通編" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1998

27 趙斗淳, "大典會通" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1999

28 具允明, "典律通補" 서울대 규장각한국학연구원 1998

29 徐望之, "公牘通論" 檔案出版社 1988

30 "傳敎軸" 한국학자료센터 영남권역센터

31 "三國遺事"

32 "三國史記"

33 최재복, "『承政院日記』 對話記錄의 特徵과 情報化 方案" 국사편찬위원회 (37) : 2003