정상화/SRV 이론에 대한 마르크스주의자들의 비판과 사회적 모형의 한계 = The critiques of the Marxists about Normalization/SRV theory and its relevances

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 대인 서비스에 관한 대표적 이론 중 하나인 SRV 이론에 대한 마르크스주의자들의 비판 내용을 소개한 다음, 결론으로서 그 비판이 갖는 한계를 논의하는데 그 목적이 있다. 즉 SRV 이론과 사회적 모형 간의 장·단점을 비교한 다음, 그 결론을 최근 과학철학의 동향인 통합적인 관점에서 제시하고자 한다. 1980년대에 접어들면서 장애 현상과 장애인문제를 과학적으로 풀어쓰기 시작한 SRV 이론에 대해 역사적 유물론으로 무장한 일단의 장애이론가들은, 장애인들이 겪고 있는 어려움은 자신의 내부적 문제인 손상에 의해서가 아니라 사회환경에 의해 구성된다는 점을 강력하게 주장하기 시작한다. 이러한 논지를 바탕으로 그들은 소위 사회적 모형을 정립하게 된다. 그러나 이 모형에 대해서도, 손상과 장애를 각기 개인적 현상과 사회적 현상으로 구분함으로써 이분법적 구도를 견지하고 있다는 지적이 있어 왔다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 이러한 마르크스주의자들의 장애 해석이 갖는 오류를 정리해 보았는데, 그 오류를 다음 세 가지로 제시하였다. 첫째, 사회적 모형은 학습장애를 경시하였다. 둘째, 사회적 모형은 학습장애인들의 `개별적` 경험(개별성)을 간과하였다. 끝으로, 사회적 모형은 학습장애인들의 개별적 `경험`을 외면하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article offers a comparative evaluation of two approaches to the organization of the disability services and individualized support for the disability persons: Social Role Valorization(SRV) and the Social Model of Disability. Normalization/SRV has been credited with achieving considerable favourable change in learning disability services and thus in the lives of people with learning difficulties themselves over a number of years.
But In many ways, it is capitalism that oppresses disabled people. So it was not so much Normalization that helped bring about the closures of the institutions but that capitalism was in crisis and it made more sense monetarily to stop housing people in large institution and to allow them to live in the community. Normalization underpins the interactionist and functionist theories has not far greater transformative potential in eradicating the oppression that disabled people face throughout the world. Furthermore Normalization, which is, at best, a bystander to remove the chains of that oppression and, at worst, part of the process of oppression itself.
On the other hand, the Social Model of Disability, although enthusiastically embraced by many people with physical and sensory impairments, has been less readily adopted by learning disability services. In addition, within the literature the Social Model has been subject to criticism because of its failure to account fully for the experiences of some disabled people, including those with learning difficulties. In conclusion, “The Social Model neglects individual experiences of impairment for persons with learning difficulties.”
So I have subsided this proposition identified by Oriental Paradigms as follows: First, the Social Model neglects for persons with learning difficulties. Second, the Social Model neglects `individual` experiences of impairment for persons with learning difficulties. Finally, the Social Model neglects individual `experiences` of impairment for persons with learning difficulties.

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