고자의 성무선악설과 맹자의 성선설 = Dispute on Human Nature and Instinct between Mencius and Gaozi

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay is a study to analyze Mencian theory of goodness of human nature clearly by understanding the dispute between Mencius and Gaozi. Gaozi considers human nature as value-neutral desire on the ground that human nature is just a kind of instinct. He seeks to find moral values from the outside of human nature by depending on his theory of neither good nor evil of human nature. Mencius criticize Gaozi`s value-neutral theory of human nature because he thinks that it neglects inborn moral values. To justify the theory of goodness of human nature, Mencius clarify the similarity and dissimilarity between human nature and instinct, introduces the function of consideration of human mind to preserve one`s good will of human nature, and presents three kinds of proofs(common sense, historical model, and counter-factual proof). Mencius accepts both human nature and instincts as necessary conditions for life, but differentiate human nature as the highest value from other inborn desires.

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