독일 저작권법상 ‘창작성’ 개념의 역사적 기원 = The Historical Origin of the Concept of ‘Individuality’ in German Copyright Law

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Germany, “individuality” has emerged as an important factor in judging the protection of works by the influence of romanticism and the modern concept of morality in the nineteenth century. In the case of Prussia in the early nineteenth century, it was a major issue whether or not the arrangement should be seen as a independent, ‘unique (eigentumlich)’ work from the original work. Finally, prussian copyright law of 1837 adminted that the amendment of the original is not considered a ‘unique (eigentumlich)’ work. The German Imperial Copyright Act of 1870 also uses the term ‘unique (eigentumlich)’ work. In the 19th century, it is difficult to find materials that explicitly refer to ‘definition of work’ and ‘originality’ in laws and cases of Germany. However, the terminology of ‘unique (eigentumlich)’ referred in series of law and cases contains german traditional originality concepts, ‘individuality’. Therefore, in Germany, it can be said that the traditional the concept of individuality is sprouted in 19th century through precedent and related law. This is in contrast to Britain, which was in the process of forming the concept of labor-based originality in the eighteenth century. The German Copyright Act of 1901 and 1907, which came into being in the twentieth century, uses the term ‘original creation’.
The German Copyright Act of 1901 and 1907, which came into being in the twentieth century, uses the term ‘unique creation (eigenthumliche Schopfung)’. The 1953 Supreme Court precedent based on the 1907 Act interprets this term as ‘individual intellectual creation (individuellen geistigen Schaffens)’. On the basis of these precedents and the theory, in 1965 German copyright law has introduced the definition of a work called ‘personal intellectual creation (‘personliche geistige Schopfungen’).

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