고대영어의 어순과 동사이동 = Old English Word Order and Verb Movement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper we investigated how various word order patterns related to verb movements shown in the history of English might be best characterized within the framework argued for in chomsky & Lanik(1991) and Chomsky(1992) and others following these. The basic assumption of them is that word order variations in the world's languages can be derived from a highly constrained set of simple parameters, interacting with universal principles of natural language.
I show in this paper that the various word order patterns of OE are regulated by some UG principles. They all derived from the basic underlying order by applicaton of movement rules. My task is to decide which is the underlying word order between SVO and SOV. The generalization is that the order in main clauses is SVO and in subordinate clauses SOV in OE. A question arises; 'Which one is basic?' I argue that the underlying word order of OE is SOV. The SVO order in main clause is derived by the verb (second) movement to COMP and XP-topicalization to SPEC of CP. This is the so-called V2 phenomenon, which is general characteristics of all Germanic languages except NE.
I claim that V2 phenomenon must be captured by the verb movement to COMP, the specifier(SPEC) of the complementizer phrase being filled by some XP constituent.
I outline the Minimalist Theory proposed by Chomsky(1992). He proposes that each of the heads, i.e., Tense and the two AGH's (i.e., AGRs and AGRo) have N［ominal］ and V［erbal］ features which may be parameterized with either a "strong" value or a "weak" one. Strong features are required to be checked in the derivation before SPELL-OUT (i. e. , in the overt syntax), while weak features need not be. The Interactions of these features with independent principles will dictate whether certain steps of derivation occur overtly(prior to SPELL-OUT)covertly (at Logical Form). The N-features, related with the specifier position govern NP movements, and the V-features, related with the heads, govern head movements. Under the Minimalist Theory V2 movement occurs only when some morphological property of COMP must be satisfied, since movements are motivated solely by morphological properties. Particularly the obligatory verb-raising to COMP is triggered by the strong features of some head in COMP. I suggest that the verbal features of AGR (and Tense) in OE are assumed to be morphologically strong and so must check the verb before SPELL-OUT. The obligatoriness of XP movement to SPEC of CP is also explained in terms of a strong feature. The object-raising to SPEC of AGRoP is overt in OE like subject raising. Thus the N-feature of Tense and AGR are strong in OE.
I dealt with several diachronic changes shown in the history of English. Historical changes will be explained if we demonstrate that the linguistic environment has changed in such a way that some parameter of UG is fixed differently. 1 consider the change in the underlying word order of English from SOV to SVO, This change was triggered by the frequent SVO patterns of OE and the weakening of the nominal features of AGR. In the mean time the loss of V2 movement is explained by the weakening of the verbal features of AGR and Tense.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 동사이동(verbmovement)과 왕복접사이동(round-trip affix movement)
• 1. 동사이동(verb movement)
• 2. 왕복접사이동(round-trip affix movement)
• 3. 최소이론(The minimalist theory of syntax)
• 3.1 최소성 (minimality)의 개념
• 3.2 Move-α의 동기
• 3.3 Parameters for the Morphological Features: ［+strong］vs ［-strong］
• 4. 고대영어의 어순
• 5. V2 이동
• 5.1 보문자(complementizer)와 V2 이동의 상보적(complementary) 관계
• 5.2 AGRc in COMP
• 6. 화제자(Topicalization)
• Ⅲ. 결론