日韓漢字音における多音字の反映差について -聲類を中心に- = On Differences of Polyphones in Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese : Focused on Initials

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本稿では、新常用漢字2,136字の中で聲母の異る多音字189字について、韓國漢字音と日本漢字音でどのように反映されているのか考察した。その結果をまとめると、以下のようである。
1)SK·SJ共に同じ1字音を採擇した場合が131字で一番多いが、この中で聲母のみが異る多音字の場合が70字、聲母·韻母共に異る多音字の場合が61字に該當する。これは、ACの多音字をSKとSJで1字を1音のみで受容したケ一スが一番多いことを意味する。日韓兩國語の學習者には、多音字という認識さえ無い漢字で、兩國漢字音がACによる對應關係を成しているので、兩國漢字音の敎授と學習に大きな差し支えは無さそうである。
2)SJで慣用音·SKで1字音を採擇した場合は4字で、全てがSJにおける淸濁の混同によるものである。
3)SKの誤謬の場合は5字で、多くは聲符の類推によるものである。
4)SKとSJで相異なる1字音の採擇した場合は8字で、SKとSJの反映で大きな割合を占めてはいないが、異る字音形で對應するので兩國語の學習者には難しい要素になる。
5)SK·SJ共に2字音を採擇した場合は22字で、多音字の二つ以上の字音を使うと言ってもある一方に片寄って使われている場合が多く、[乾燥건조/カンソウ]の場合のように、單語によって、多音字の異る字音を採擇した場合が存在するので、注意深く敎授と學習を進めていく必要がある。
6)SKで2字音·SJで1字音を採擇した場合は19字、SKで1字音·SJで2字音を採擇した場合は2字に該當する。兩國語學習者には、[車シャ/차·고]、[質질/シツ·チ]のようにもう一つの異る字音この存在するので注意させる必要がある。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research aims to examine how Middle Chinese polyphones are reflected in Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese separately in Shinzyojokanzihyo. The reflecting manner of 189 Chinese characters belong to polyphones that contain different initials in Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese can be categorized by each type as below:
1)The 131 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters spoken as 1 sound in both languages. It indicates that even though those characters once had multiple phonetic value in Middle Chinese era, both Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese accepted them as 1 sound characters.
2)The 4 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters which are Kan`yo`on in Sino-Japanese, but spoken as 1 sound in Sino-Korean. Most of Kan`yo`on occurred by confusion between voiceless and Voiced.
3)The 5 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters spoken as incorrect sound in Sino-Korean.
4)The 8 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters spoken as 1 sound in both languages but with different pronunciations. Despite its comparatively small proportion, it is still significant because those Chinese characters can possibly cause confusion in the process of both learning and teaching the languages.
5)The 22 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters which are spoken as 2 sounds in both languages. In principle, languages should maintain their original pronunciation when they are adopted by other languages. But that is not the case. One of the reasons is the time and place in which those characters are adopted. But more importantly, the efficiency of language was the main contributing factor in the changes of them.
6)The 19 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters which are spoken in 2 different sounds in Sino-Korean but spoken in 1 sound in Sino-Japanese. And the 2 characters categorized by the group of Chinese characters which are spoken in 1 sound in Sino-Korean, but spoken in 2 different sounds in Sino-Japanese. Even though one can pronounce some Chinese characters in 2 different sounds in both languages, in most cases they are in fact spoken in only one of the sounds. Hence it is required to clarify which one is prevailing pronunciation and reflect it in both learning and teaching.